Chemistry

Question 1

_______________________ materials have unpaired electrons that align with magnetic fields, attracting the material to a magnet.

Answer 1

Paramagnetic

Question 2

__________________________ materials have all paired electrons, which cannot easily be realigned and are repelled by magnets.

Answer 2

Diamagnetic

Question 3

What is the equation for the Planck relation?

Answer 3

E = hf

Question 4

What information about energy does the Planck relation provide us?

Answer 4

The energy of a quantum is directly proportional to its frequency as mediated by a constant, Planck’s constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J·s)

Question 5

What equation relates the energy of an electron to its principle quantum number (Bohr model)?

Answer 5

E = - R_H/n²

Question 6

What information about the energy of an electron does the Bohr model tell us?

Answer 6

The energy of an electron increases as the principle quantum number increases; although the equation seems to be an inverse relationship, the negative sign is critical - it means that we start from a more negative position and end at a less negative position, thereby increasing energy:

E = - R_H/n²

Question 7

What equation relates the energy of an electron to its frequency and wavelength?

Answer 7

E = hc/λ

Question 8

What does the Planck relation using the wavelength of an electron tell us?

Answer 8

The energy of an electron is inversely proportional to its wavelength: higher wavelengths have lower energies and vice versa:

E = hc/λ

Question 9

What equation explains the energy of an electron transition in the Bohr model?

Answer 9

E = -R_H [1/n_i² - 1/n_f²]

Question 10

What does thie energy of an electron transition tell us about the relationship between an electron’s location and the energy released or emitted during a transition?

Answer 10

The energy of the emitted photon corresponds to the difference in energy between the higher-energy initial state and the lower-energy final state”

E = -RH [1/ni2 - 1/nf2​]

Question 11

Lyman

Balmer

Paschen series

Question 12

The difference in energy between two shells decreases as the distance from the nucleus increases. This means that the energy difference between n = 3 and n =4 is _________ than that between n = 1 and n = 2.

Answer 12

Less

Question 13

What is effective nuclear charge?

Answer 13

A measure of the net positive charge experienced by the outermost electrons

Question 14

For elements in the same period or row, what trend occurs regarding effective nuclear charge (Z_eff)?

Answer 14

It increases from left to right

Question 15

_____________ ___________ is essentially opposite that of all other periodic trends. While others increase going up and to the right, ____________ ___________ increases going down and to the left.

Answer 15

Atomic radius

Atomic radius

Question 16

Nonmetals ___________ to the metalloid line possess a larger ionic radius than their counterparts closer to the noble gases. However, metals __________ to the metalloid line possess a smaller ionic radius than their counterparts closer to the alkali metals.

Answer 16

Closer

Closer

Question 17

_____________________ closer to the metalloid line possess a larger ionic radius than their counterparts closer to the noble gases. However, ______________ closer to the metalloid line possess a smaller ionic radius than their counterparts closer to the alkali metals.

Answer 17

Nonmetals

Metals

Question 18

The Oxygen series is also known as what group?

Answer 18

The Chalogens

Question 19

What explains the ability of transition metals to form colorful complexes with nonmetals in solution and their utility in certain biological systems?

Answer 19

They take on multiple oxidation states

Question 20

_____________ are generally smaller than their corresponding neutral atom. ____________ are generally larger than their corresponding neutral atom.

Answer 20

Cations

Anions