Chemistry

Question 1

Define Isotope

Answer 1

an element with a different neutron number

Question 2

what is the atomic mass of an element

Answer 2

the bigger number of one element on the periodic table and it is the mass of its protons and electron

Question 3

what is:

a) solvent
b) solute
c) solution
d) saturated solution

Answer 3

a) the liquid used to dissolve a solute
b) the mineral dissolved into the solvent
c) the combination of 1 or more solute and 1 or more solvents
d) a solution with the maximum amount of solute the can dissolve

Question 4

what are the five separation techniques?

Answer 4

filteration
chromatography
simple distillation
fractional distillation
crystallisation

Question 5

what is filtration?

Answer 5

the technique used to separate a insoluble solute and a solvent. this is done using a tool called filter paper which has holes that let tiny water particles through by not big solid particles

Question 6

what is chromatography?

Answer 6

the technique used to separate a ink to find out what dyes are used. this is done by hanging a piece of paper with a dot of the ink just about water level letting a bit of water just touch the end then the water will climb up and spread the ink

Question 7

what is simple distillation?

Answer 7

the technique used to separate a solvent and a solute where the end result is a solvent. this is done by turning the solvent to steam then, once separated, turning them back into a liquid to be collected

Question 8

what is fractional distillation?

Answer 8

similar to simple distillation but for 2 solvents as it has a tube called the fractional column that turns any of the solvent with a high boiling point back into liquid while the solvent with the lower boiling point simply completes the rest of distillation.

Question 9

what is crystallisation?

Answer 9

the technique used to separate a soluble solute and a solvent where the end result is solute. this is done by evaporating the solvent then once the solvent is gone you just have the crystallised version of the solute

Question 10

what is the (a) atomic mass and the (b) atomic num

Answer 10

a) the mass of the protons and neutrons together

b) the number of protons

Question 11

what is the rule for electron configuration?

Answer 11

the first shell has 2 electrons and from there on out they have 8 in each shell

Question 12

what charge would it be if a element has:

a) one less electron
b) one more electron

Answer 12

a) there is a positive charge

b) there is a negative charge

Question 13

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 13

Ionic bonding is always between a nonmetal and a metal and this is the bonding where, for example, a fluorine (which has 9 electrons) would get an electron to lithium (which has 3 electrons) this would mean they both have a full outer shell. It also means they both have a strong connection because now lithium has a chart of -1 and fluorine has a charge of +1 this would make LiF Lithium Fluoride.

Question 14

what would happen if a substance like oxygen (electrons=8) met a hydrogen (electrons=1))?

Answer 14

nothing unless another hydrogen came because oxygen needs two but hydrogen of needs to get rid of 1. In the end this would make H2O meaning 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen

Question 15

what is a x and dot diagram?

Answer 15

a diagram to show how many electrons each element in a ionic compound has and how many are its and how many are the other element’

Question 16

how do you draw an x and dot digram

Answer 16

first you draw a centre circle this shows the nucleus and in this you will write the symbol for the element. then you figure out how many rings you need and add them on then you do this again and for one of the element electrons use x and for the others use dots.

Question 17

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 17

Covalent bonding is always between two nonmetals in ionic bonding one element gives another element electrons but with covalent bonding they share electrons for example:
-oxygen and sulfur
-they both need two electrons so they will each share two
(covalent bonding can’t happen unless they both share the same amount)

Question 18

what is metallic bonding?

Answer 18

metals are made of giant lattices of positive ions with neutrons moving freely around inside this movement i what keeps it together. this is what metallic bonding is the movement of these electrons and created a pull between them and the protons which allows metal to keep its shape

Question 19

what is covalent bonding between?

Answer 19

2 non-metals

Question 20

what is ionic bonding between?

Answer 20

a non metal and a metal

Question 21

what are stronger ionic or covalent bonds?

Answer 21

normally ionic bonds stronger but there can be cases when they are not

Question 22

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 22

Brittle
Hard
High mp
Conduct when dissolved

Question 23

What are the properties of metallic bonding?

Answer 23

High density
High mp
Conducts heat + electricity
Malleable
Ductile

Question 24

define metallic bonding

Answer 24

a form of chemical bonding with an electrostatic force between the positive metal ions and the negative free electrons