Chemistry

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

All substances are made of atoms

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

Is made up of only one atom

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

Two or more elements are chemically combined together

Question 4

What is a reactant?

Answer 4

A substance that reacts

Question 5

What is a product?

Answer 5

New substances that are formed

Question 6

What is a mixture?

Answer 6

Is two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined together

Question 7

What is filtration?

Answer 7

Used to separate soluble solids from insoluble solids

Question 8

What is crystallization?

Answer 8

Used to obtain a soluble solid from a solution

Question 9

What is chromatography?

Answer 9

Used to separate the different soluble, coloured components of a mixture

Question 10

What is simple distillation?

Answer 10

Used to obtain a solvent from a solution

Question 11

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 11

Used to seperate mixtures in which the components have different boiling points

Question 12

What is an atomic number?

Answer 12

Number of protons

Question 13

What is a mass number?

Answer 13

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 14

What is the equation for number of neutrons?

Answer 14

Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic numbers

Question 15

What is an electron configuration?

Answer 15

Shows how the electrons are arranged around the nucleus in shells

Question 16

How do atoms become ions?

Answer 16

Metal atoms lose electrons to become positive ions

Non- metal gain electrons to become negative ions

Question 17

What is an isotope?

Answer 17

An element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 18

Subatomic Particles

Answer 18

Subatomic Particle - Relative Mass - Relative charge
Proton 1 +1
Neutron 1 0
Electron very small -1

Question 19

Properties of group 0

Answer 19

Noble gases
Full outer shell
Very unreactive
Boiling points increase down the group

Question 20

Properties of group 1

Answer 20

Reacts with non-metals to for ionic compounds
Alkali metals
One electron in outer shell
Low melting and boiling points that decrease
More reactive through group
Stored in oil - react to oxygen and water
Metal hydroxide
Low density

Question 21

Properties of group 7

Answer 21

Non-metals
Halogens
Seven electrons in outer shell
Reactivity decreases
Ionic salts
Displace

Question 22

Transition Metals

Answer 22

Center of the periodic table
Coloured compounds
Different charged ions
Catalysts
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Easily bent or hammered to shape

Question 23

What are the three types of matter?

Answer 23

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 24

What are coarse particles?

Answer 24

They have a diameter between 1x10-5m and 2.5x10-6m

Question 25

What is a intermolecular force?

Answer 25

Forces of attraction between the molecules

Question 26

How would you show a covalent bond?

Answer 26

Through the dot and cross diagram

Question 27

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 27

A pair of shared electrons between atoms, for example - non metallic elements and compounds of non metals

Question 28

What is an alloy?

Answer 28

A mixture that contains a metal and at least one other element

Question 29

What are the metallic properties?

Answer 29

- Strong - high melting and boiling point - thermal and electrical conductors - bent or shaped easily

Question 30

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 30

A giant structure in which the outer shell electrons are delocalised - not bound to one atom

Question 31

What is a nanoparticle?

Answer 31

A few hundred atoms that can be developed

Question 32

What are the state symbols?

Answer 32

S for solid L for liquid G for gas AQ for aqueous - dissolved in water

Question 33

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 33

- High melting and boiling point - do not conduct electricity when solid - do conduct electricity when molten or in solution

Question 34

What is a melting point?

Answer 34

Melt or freeze at one specific temperature

Question 35

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 35

Has a strong electrostatic force

Question 36

What is a boiling point?

Answer 36

Boil and condense at one specific temperature

Question 37

What are the properties of a solid?

Answer 37

- Regular arrangement - very close together - vibrate about fixed positions

Question 38

What are the properties of a gas?

Answer 38

- Random arrangement - further apart - move in all directions quickly

Question 39

What are the properties of a liquid?

Answer 39

- Random arrangement - close together - flow around each other