Chemistry Flashcards
528
What does Hund’s rule state?
Hund’s rule states that electrons will fill degenerate orbitals or orbitals of identical energy with parallel spins before filling higher energy orbitals
Why do electrons remain unpaired?
Electrons remain unpaired to minimize electron-electron repulsion
What is the mass number of an atom?
The mass number of an atom is composed of protons and neutrons
How an you calculate the number of neutrons?
You subtract the atomic number of an atom (# of protons) from its atomic mass (# of protons and neutrons)
What is the electronegativity trend of the periodic table?
Upper right of the table is more electronegative
How do you describe electron affinity?
Electron affinity is the energy that is released when an atom in the gaseous state accepts an electron (ie. electron affinity is the energy released to form an anion)
How does the effective nuclear charge changes in respect to the periodic table?
Effective nuclear charge increases going from left to right as the number of protons in a nucleus increases
How does effective nuclear charge relate to atomic radius?
The higher the effective nuclear charge, while the electron density cloud stays the same across a period, electron cloud retracts, decreasing the atomic radius.
To what elements can hydrogen bonding occur with?
Hydrogen bonding can ocur with Flourine, Oxygen, or nitrogen.
Compare London dispersion forces with dipole dipole
Dipole dipole is when two polar bonds from two different molecules attract one another while London dispersion force is formed from the random shifts in electron density (momentary, easily broken)
What is a metathesis reaction?
A metathesis reaction is also known as a double displacement reaction
How do kinetics and temperature relate?
Whenever the temperature of a reaction increases so does the kinetics of that reaction.
What does the Arrhenius equation relate?
It relates the rate of a reaction to the temperature, activation energy, gas constant, and frequency factor, notable NOT enthalpy
What are the relation of matter and their amount of entropy?
Generally, gases have the greatest amount of entropy while solids have the smallest.
What is sublimation?
Sublimation is the change in phase from a solid to a gas
