Chemistry Flashcards
What is the mass and charge of protons, neutrons and electrons?
Protons - Mass=1 and charge=+1
Neutrons - Mass= 1 and charge=0
Electrons - Mass= 0.0005 and charge=-1
Name the first 20 elements of the periodic table and their charges and the names of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, Sn, Au, Hg.
Hydrogen H Helium He Lithium Li Beryllium Be Boron B Carbon C Nitrogen N Oxygen O Fluorine F Neon Ne Sodium Na Magnesium Mg Aluminium Al Silicon Si Phosphorus P Sulfur S Chlorine Cl Argon Ar Potassium K Calcium Ca
Iron Fe Nickel Ni Copper Cu Zinc Zn Lead Pb Silver Ag Tin Sn Gold Au Mercury Hg
Complete the general rule for Acid + Metal, Acid + Base, Acid + Carbonate reactions.
Acid + Metal —> Salt + Hydrogen Gas
Acid + Base —> Salt + Water
Acid + Carbonate —
What are the mass and charge of protons, neutrons and electrons?
Protons - mass=1 charge=+1
Neutrons - mass=1 charge=0
Electrons - mass=0.0005 charge=-1
Describe the atomic structure of an ionic compound.
At least one metal atom bonded with at least one non-metal atom.
Describe the atomic structure of a covalent compound.
At least two non-metal atoms bonded together.
Explain the role of activation energy in chemical reactions.
The energy that must be supplied for the chemical reaction to occur.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed therefore, the mass of the product(s) will be the same as the mass of the reactant(s).
List 3 properties of acids.
- they conduct electricity
- they are corrosive
- they have a sour taste
List 3 properties of bases.
- they conduct electricity
- they have a bitter taste
- they create hydroxide ions in a solution
What number on the PH scale are strong acids, weak acids, neutral, weak bases and strong bases.
Strong acids- 1 Weak acids- 6 Neutral- 7 Weak bases- 8 Strong bases- 14
List 2 examples of strong and weak acids.
Strong
- HCl (hydrochloric)
- H2SO4 (sulphuric)
Weak
- HNO2 (nitrous)
- H3PO4 (phosphoric)
List 2 examples of strong and weak bases.
Strong - LiOH (Lithium Hydroxide) - NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) Weak - NH3 (ammonia) - CH3NH2 (methylamine)
Explain the concept on concentration in terms of acids and bases.
The concentration of acids and bases is determined by the amount of Hydrogen to Hydroxide ions there are in a solution. The more Hydrogen ions, the more the solution is acidic in concentration. The more Hydroxide ions, the more the solution is basic in concentration.
What is an indicator?
A chemical that changes colour to show whether a substance is acidic, neutral or basic.
Describe the colour changes of Universal Indicator to signify a strong acid, a weak acid, a strong base, a weak base and a neutral solution.
Red- strong acid Light green- weak acid Green- neutral Faint green- weak base Purple- Strong Base
What colour does litmus turn in acid?
Red
What colour does litmus turn in alkali (base dissolved in water)?
Blue
Write and word and symbol equation for any acid and base reaction.
Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide —> Sodium Chloride + Water
Write a word and symbol equation for any acid and metal reaction.
Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium —> Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Gas
How would you test a gas to see if it was Hydrogen?
The ‘Pop Test’ - Put HCl in a test tube and add a magnesium strip and put another test tube over the original one for a minute. Then take the top test tube away and place a burning match underneath it. If it makes a loud ‘POP’ sound, it is then Hydrogen.
Write a word and symbol equation for any acid and carbonate reaction.
Hydrochloric Acid + Potassium Carbonate —> Potassium Chloride + CO2 + Water
How would you test a gas to see if it was carbon dioxide?
The ‘Lime Water’ Test- Pass any gas through limewater. If the solution become cloudy, then the gas is Carbon Dioxide.
What is the difference between Exothermic reactions and Endothermic reactions?
Exothermic- the temperature of the reaction increases because it requires heat to exit for the reaction to continue.
Endothermic- the temperature of the reaction decreases because it requires heat for the reaction to continue.
