Chemistry Flashcards
What is matter and what makes up matter?
Matter is a physical object/thing that takes up space. Matter is made out of molecules and atoms.
Evaporation
The process of turning liquid into a vapour or gas.
Vapour
A substance suspended in the air (normally liquid droplets in the air.)
Fumes
Gases or vapour with a strong smell or is dangerous to inhale.
Boiling
At or near boiling point
Condensation
Water collects on a cold surface when humid air comes in contact with it.
Melting
Make or become liquified by heating
Freezing
Below 0°c - when liquids turn to solids
Sublimation
When anything solid turns into a gas without belting first Eg. Snow turns into steam without melting first
Volatile
When substances easily evaporate in normal temperatures
Solidification
To make something solid
Deposition
Changing from a gas into a solid
Particle density: solid
Particles are closely packed together
Particle density: liquid
Looser density that tend to move freely but still kind of close together
Particle density: gases
Move completely randomly in the space
What did Archimedes find out?
The amount of water displaced is equal to the volume of the object
Melting and boiling point
The temperature at which the substance melts and boils.
Strength
- Tensile strength is the force needed to break a stretched piece of wire
- Compressional strength is the measure a substance can stand before it is crushed
Hardness
The ability for a substance to scratch another substance
- The harder the substance the greater the force holding the particles together.
- The harder the substance the higher the melting point
Viscosity
The thickness or “gooiness” of a liquid
Conductivity
How easily something can move through something
Electrical conductivity
How well electrical current flows through a substance
Thermal conductivity
How well heat flows through a substance
Refractive index
The measure of how light bends through a substance
Heat capacity
The measure of how much heat is needed to increase the temperature of a substance
Compressibility
- The ability of a substance yo be compressed or squashed
- Liquids and solids can’t be compressed
Can liquids solids and gases be compressed
Liquids and solids can’t be compressed but gases can
Diffusion
Gas particles move freely to take up all the space they can
Density
The mass of a certain volume of a substance
How can heat affect solids, liquids and gases?
Solids- heat can change solids into a liquid
Liquids- heat can change Liquids into a gas
Gas- when gas heats up in the particles get faster and builds up the pressure
Atom
Atoms have no charge and are the smallest particle of elements
Element
Elements are a substance that can no longer be broken down into simpler substances.
Molecule
A molecule is the smallest chemical compound that can happen in a chemical reaction
Compound
A compound is made up of two or more elects that are chemically bonded together
Mixture
Two or more elements that are mixed but not chemically bonded together
Chemical change
A chemical change is when 2 substances are mixed together to form something new. This differs from a physical change, which is a substance changing physical forms but still retains its original properties. An example would be burning wood in a fire place and metal rusting outdoors
Physical change
A physical changes, changes the look without changing the substance into something else
Eg. Turn Ice to water
Dissolving sugar into water
Identify Atomic Number and mass number
Atomic number is up the top
Mass number is down the bottom (Always round up or down to the nearest full number.)
Calculate the number the mass number, protons, electrons and neutrons in an atom
Atomic number- Number of protons
Mass Number- Number of protons + Number of neutrons
Electrons- Atomic number/ number of protons
Neutrons - Mass number - Protons
What is the valence shell
The outside layer of a shell
How many electrons can fit into the first three shells of an atom?
2,8,8
What is common characteristic of metals
Shiny, Hard, Bendable, Conducts Electricity
What is a common characteristic of non metal
Non shiny, Soft or hard, brittle, doesn’t conduct electricity
What is a common characteristic of a transition metal
Shiny, Hard, Bendable, Conducts Electricity
Common characteristics of metalloids
Are all solid at room temperature most other things change
Common characteristics of noble gases
conduct electricity, odourless and colourless
What is a ion?
Either loses or gains a electron or either positive or negatively charged
Which are the products and reactants in H2 + O -> H2O
H2 and O is the rectants and H2O is the product
Endothermic
Cold reaction
Exothermic
Hot reaction
Write a word equations for magnesium ribbon being burnt
Mg+O2 -> MgO
Or to make it a balanced equation 2Mg+O2 -> 2MgO
In words
Magnesium + Oxygen2 -> Magnesium Oxide
How many atoms are in each element: AgNO3
Ag- 1
N-1
O-3
How many atoms are in each element: H2SO4
H-2
S-1
O-4
Do electrons have mass?
Electrons have some mass but not as much as protons or neutrons
Do “opposites attract” when talking about particles
Particles with a positive charge attract each other. Particles with the same charge will repel each other.
Mass
Mass is the amount of matter
Volume
Volume is how much space the substance takes up and is normally measured in literes (L)
Physical properties
Colour, texture, boiling point, density, electrical conductivity, heat capacity and the ability to dissolve other substances or itself.
Chemical properties
Bubbling, permanent colour change, colour change and permanent change of shape.
Solids particles
Particles vibrate and are held together by a strong force of attraction.
Liquids particles
Close together and are held together by forces that are less strong then solids
Gases
Are far apart and move quickly on their own
Diatomic
Consisting of two or more atoms
Pure substance
A pure substance
Impure substance
A impure substance
Monatomic
Consisting of one atom
How can gas become a liquid
Gas can become a liquid by compression
What the difference between a molecule and a compound
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
What is the nucleus made out of
Protons and Neutrons
Does protons have a positive or negative charge
Protons have a positive charge (+Ve)
Does neutrons have a positive or negative charge
Neutrons are neutral and carry no charge
Does electrons have a positive and negative charge
Electrons have a negative charge (-Ve)
What is the periodic table ordered to
Atomic number ( number of protons)
Decomposition
The process which involves decaying and rotting
Polymer
A large molecule made up of rings of linked, repeating sub units eg. Plastic
In a chemical formula what does the arrow mean?
The arrow means turn into
Explain periods and groups
Periods are from left to right and columns going downwards are called groups
