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Year 8 Chemistry > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter and what makes up matter?

A

Matter is a physical object/thing that takes up space. Matter is made out of molecules and atoms.

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2
Q

Evaporation

A

The process of turning liquid into a vapour or gas.

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3
Q

Vapour

A

A substance suspended in the air (normally liquid droplets in the air.)

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4
Q

Fumes

A

Gases or vapour with a strong smell or is dangerous to inhale.

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5
Q

Boiling

A

At or near boiling point

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6
Q

Condensation

A

Water collects on a cold surface when humid air comes in contact with it.

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7
Q

Melting

A

Make or become liquified by heating

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8
Q

Freezing

A

Below 0°c - when liquids turn to solids

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9
Q

Sublimation

A

When anything solid turns into a gas without belting first Eg. Snow turns into steam without melting first

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10
Q

Volatile

A

When substances easily evaporate in normal temperatures

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11
Q

Solidification

A

To make something solid

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12
Q

Deposition

A

Changing from a gas into a solid

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13
Q

Particle density: solid

A

Particles are closely packed together

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14
Q

Particle density: liquid

A

Looser density that tend to move freely but still kind of close together

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15
Q

Particle density: gases

A

Move completely randomly in the space

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16
Q

What did Archimedes find out?

A

The amount of water displaced is equal to the volume of the object

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17
Q

Melting and boiling point

A

The temperature at which the substance melts and boils.

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18
Q

Strength

A
  • Tensile strength is the force needed to break a stretched piece of wire
  • Compressional strength is the measure a substance can stand before it is crushed
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19
Q

Hardness

A

The ability for a substance to scratch another substance

  • The harder the substance the greater the force holding the particles together.
  • The harder the substance the higher the melting point
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20
Q

Viscosity

A

The thickness or “gooiness” of a liquid

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21
Q

Conductivity

A

How easily something can move through something

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22
Q

Electrical conductivity

A

How well electrical current flows through a substance

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23
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

How well heat flows through a substance

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24
Q

Refractive index

A

The measure of how light bends through a substance

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25
Q

Heat capacity

A

The measure of how much heat is needed to increase the temperature of a substance

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26
Q

Compressibility

A
  • The ability of a substance yo be compressed or squashed

- Liquids and solids can’t be compressed

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27
Q

Can liquids solids and gases be compressed

A

Liquids and solids can’t be compressed but gases can

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28
Q

Diffusion

A

Gas particles move freely to take up all the space they can

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29
Q

Density

A

The mass of a certain volume of a substance

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30
Q

How can heat affect solids, liquids and gases?

A

Solids- heat can change solids into a liquid
Liquids- heat can change Liquids into a gas
Gas- when gas heats up in the particles get faster and builds up the pressure

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31
Q

Atom

A

Atoms have no charge and are the smallest particle of elements

32
Q

Element

A

Elements are a substance that can no longer be broken down into simpler substances.

33
Q

Molecule

A

A molecule is the smallest chemical compound that can happen in a chemical reaction

34
Q

Compound

A

A compound is made up of two or more elects that are chemically bonded together

35
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more elements that are mixed but not chemically bonded together

36
Q

Chemical change

A

A chemical change is when 2 substances are mixed together to form something new. This differs from a physical change, which is a substance changing physical forms but still retains its original properties. An example would be burning wood in a fire place and metal rusting outdoors

37
Q

Physical change

A

A physical changes, changes the look without changing the substance into something else
Eg. Turn Ice to water
Dissolving sugar into water

38
Q

Identify Atomic Number and mass number

A

Atomic number is up the top

Mass number is down the bottom (Always round up or down to the nearest full number.)

39
Q

Calculate the number the mass number, protons, electrons and neutrons in an atom

A

Atomic number- Number of protons
Mass Number- Number of protons + Number of neutrons
Electrons- Atomic number/ number of protons
Neutrons - Mass number - Protons

40
Q

What is the valence shell

A

The outside layer of a shell

41
Q

How many electrons can fit into the first three shells of an atom?

A

2,8,8

42
Q

What is common characteristic of metals

A

Shiny, Hard, Bendable, Conducts Electricity

43
Q

What is a common characteristic of non metal

A

Non shiny, Soft or hard, brittle, doesn’t conduct electricity

44
Q

What is a common characteristic of a transition metal

A

Shiny, Hard, Bendable, Conducts Electricity

45
Q

Common characteristics of metalloids

A

Are all solid at room temperature most other things change

46
Q

Common characteristics of noble gases

A

conduct electricity, odourless and colourless

47
Q

What is a ion?

A

Either loses or gains a electron or either positive or negatively charged

48
Q

Which are the products and reactants in H2 + O -> H2O

A

H2 and O is the rectants and H2O is the product

49
Q

Endothermic

A

Cold reaction

50
Q

Exothermic

A

Hot reaction

51
Q

Write a word equations for magnesium ribbon being burnt

A

Mg+O2 -> MgO
Or to make it a balanced equation 2Mg+O2 -> 2MgO
In words
Magnesium + Oxygen2 -> Magnesium Oxide

52
Q

How many atoms are in each element: AgNO3

A

Ag- 1
N-1
O-3

53
Q

How many atoms are in each element: H2SO4

A

H-2
S-1
O-4

54
Q

Do electrons have mass?

A

Electrons have some mass but not as much as protons or neutrons

55
Q

Do “opposites attract” when talking about particles

A

Particles with a positive charge attract each other. Particles with the same charge will repel each other.

56
Q

Mass

A

Mass is the amount of matter

57
Q

Volume

A

Volume is how much space the substance takes up and is normally measured in literes (L)

58
Q

Physical properties

A

Colour, texture, boiling point, density, electrical conductivity, heat capacity and the ability to dissolve other substances or itself.

59
Q

Chemical properties

A

Bubbling, permanent colour change, colour change and permanent change of shape.

60
Q

Solids particles

A

Particles vibrate and are held together by a strong force of attraction.

61
Q

Liquids particles

A

Close together and are held together by forces that are less strong then solids

62
Q

Gases

A

Are far apart and move quickly on their own

63
Q

Diatomic

A

Consisting of two or more atoms

64
Q

Pure substance

A

A pure substance

65
Q

Impure substance

A

A impure substance

66
Q

Monatomic

A

Consisting of one atom

67
Q

How can gas become a liquid

A

Gas can become a liquid by compression

68
Q

What the difference between a molecule and a compound

A

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds

69
Q

What is the nucleus made out of

A

Protons and Neutrons

70
Q

Does protons have a positive or negative charge

A

Protons have a positive charge (+Ve)

71
Q

Does neutrons have a positive or negative charge

A

Neutrons are neutral and carry no charge

72
Q

Does electrons have a positive and negative charge

A

Electrons have a negative charge (-Ve)

73
Q

What is the periodic table ordered to

A

Atomic number ( number of protons)

74
Q

Decomposition

A

The process which involves decaying and rotting

75
Q

Polymer

A

A large molecule made up of rings of linked, repeating sub units eg. Plastic

76
Q

In a chemical formula what does the arrow mean?

A

The arrow means turn into

77
Q

Explain periods and groups

A

Periods are from left to right and columns going downwards are called groups

Year 8 Chemistry (2 decks)

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