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Core Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is limestone made from?

A

Calcium carbonate

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2
Q

Where do you get limestone from?

A

It’s quarried out of the ground

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3
Q

What is the formula for calcium carbonate?

A

CaCO3

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4
Q

What happens when calcium carbonate is heated?

A

It thermally decomposes and becomes calcium oxide and carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Word equation for thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate

A

Calcium carbonate - calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What happens when calcium carbonate reacts with an acid?

A

It makes calcium sulfate, carbon dioxide and water

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7
Q

Word equation for reaction with calcium carbonate and an acid

A

Calcium carbonate + sulfuric acid - calcium sulfate + carbon dioxide + water

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8
Q

What’s does calcium oxide react with to produce calcium hydroxide?

A

Water

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9
Q

What happens when calcium oxide and water react?

A

Calcium hydroxide

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10
Q

Word equation for calcium oxide and water

A

Calcium oxide + water - calcium hydroxide

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11
Q

Is calcium hydroxide an acid or an alkali?

A

Alkali

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12
Q

What can calcium hydroxide be used for?

A

To neutralise acidic soil in fields

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13
Q

Why is calcium hydroxide better than powdered limestone for neutralising acidic soil?

A

It works much faster

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14
Q

What can calcium hydroxide be used to test for?

A

Carbon dioxide

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15
Q

How do you test for carbon dioxide with calcium hydroxide?

A

You make a solution of calcium hydroxide in water and bubble gas through it, the solution will turn cloudy if there’s carbon dioxide in the gas

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16
Q

What are the products when calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide react?

A

Calcium carbonate and water

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17
Q

Word equation for calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide

A

Calcium hydroxide + carbon dioxide - calcium carbonate + water

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18
Q

How do you make cement?

A

You heat powdered limestone in a kiln with powdered clay

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19
Q

How do you make mortar?

A

Mix cement with sand and water

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20
Q

How do you make concrete?

A

Mix cement with sand and aggregate

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21
Q

What are the two new methods for extracting copper from low grade ores?

A

Bioleaching and phytomining

22
Q

What is bioleaching?

A

It uses bacteria to separate copper from copper sulfide. The bacteria get energy from the bond between copper and sulfur, separating out the copper from the ore in the process. The leachate (solution produced by the process) contains copper, which can be extracted e.g. by filtering

23
Q

What is phytomining?

A

This involves growing plants in soil that contains copper. The plants can’t use or get rid of the copper so it gradually builds up in the leaves. The plants can be harvested, dried and burned in a furnace. The copper can be collected from the ash left in the furnace

24
Q

Why are noble gases unreactive?

A

Their atoms have stable arrangements of electrons

25
Q

Does the mass of products equal the mass of reactants?

A

Yes because during a chemical reaction no atoms are lost or made

26
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

Decomposing something by heating it

27
Q

What can calcium carbonate be decomposed to make?

A

Calcium oxide and carbon dioxide

28
Q

Do the carbonates of magnesium, calcium and sodium decompose on heating in a similar way?

A

Yes

29
Q

What does calcium oxide react with to produce calcium hydroxide?

A

Water

30
Q

What is produced when calcium oxide reacts with water?

A

Calcium hydroxide is produced

31
Q

Is calcium hydroxide an acid or an alkali?

A

Alkali

32
Q

What can calcium hydroxide be used for?

A

The neutralisation of acids

33
Q

Where are unreactive metals such as gold found?

A

In the earth as the metal itself

34
Q

How are most metals found?

A

As compounds that require chemical reactions to extract the metal

35
Q

How can metals that are less reactive than carbon be extracted from their oxides?

A

Reduction with carbon

36
Q

An example of an metal oxide that can be extracted through reduction with carbon

A

Iron oxide is reduce in the blast furnace to make iron

37
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted?

A

Electrolysis

38
Q

What’s bad about electrolysis?

A

It requires a lot of energy

This makes it expensive

39
Q

How can copper be extracted?

A

From copper rich ores by heating the ores in a furnace (smelting)

40
Q

How can copper be purified?

A

Through electrolysis

41
Q

Is the supply of copper rich ores limited?

A

Yes

42
Q

What two new ways can copper be extracted fro low grade ores?

A

Bioleaching

Phytomining

43
Q

What is bioleaching?

A

Uses bacteria to separate copper from copper sulfide
The bacteria gets energy from the bond between copper and sulfur, separating out the copper from the ore in the process
The leachate contains copper which can be extracted by filtering

44
Q

What is the leachate in bioleaching?

A

The solution produced by the process which has copper in it

45
Q

How can copper be obtained from solutions of copper salts?

A

Electrolysis

Displacement using scrap iron

46
Q

Extracting aluminium and titanium are expensive because:

A

There are many stages in the process

Large amounts of energy are needed

47
Q

Why should we recycle metals?

A

Extracting them uses limited resources
It’s expensive in terms of energy
It has negative environmental effects

48
Q

What does iron from the blast furnace contain?

A

96% pure iron

49
Q

What do the impurities in blast furnace iron make it?

A

Brittle so has limited uses

50
Q

Do oils dissolve in water?

A

No

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