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Anatomy & Physiology > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the science of the structure an interactions of Matter, anything that occupies space an has mass?

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

What is the amount of matter in any living organism or no living organism?

A

Mass

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3
Q

What is the chemical element (symbol) for Calcium?

A

Ca

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4
Q

What is the chemical element (symbol) for Phosphorus?

A

P

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5
Q

What is the element (symbol) for Potassium?

A

K

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6
Q

What is the chemical element (symbol) for Sulfur?

A

S

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7
Q

What is the chemical element (symbol) for Sodium?

A

Na

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8
Q

What is the chemical element (symbol) for Chlorine?

A

Cl

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9
Q

What is the chemical element (symbol) for Magnesium?

A

Mg

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10
Q

What is the chemical element (symbol) for Iron?

A

Fe

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11
Q

What is the chemical element (symbol) for Iodine?

A

I

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12
Q

What is the smallest unit of matter, which each element is made up of?

A

Atoms

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13
Q

What does an atom become if it gives up or gains electrons?

A

Ions

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14
Q

What do you call an atom that has a positive or negative charge due to an unequal number of protons an electrons?

A

Ion

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15
Q

When two or more atoms share electrons, the resulting combination of atoms is called a ?

A

Molecule

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16
Q

What do you call a substance that can be broken down into two or more different elements by ordinary compound means?

A

Compound

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17
Q

The chance that an atom will form a chemical bond with another atom depends on the number of electrons in its outermost shell, which is also called ?

A

Valence shell

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18
Q

A chemically stabled atom has how many electrons on its outer most shell?

A

8

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19
Q

What does it mean when a atom is unlikely to form chemical bond with other atoms?

A

The atom is chemically stable

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20
Q

What is a positively charged ion?

A

Cation

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21
Q

What is a negatively charged ion?

A

Anion

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22
Q

In this covalent bond, atoms share the electrons equally, one atom does not attract the shared atoms more strongly than the other atom

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

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23
Q

In this covalent bond, the sharing of electrons between atoms are unequal, one atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly than the other

A

Polar covalent bond

24
Q

This compound usually lack carbon, are structurally simple, an are held together by ionic or covalent bonds

The two compounds are exceptions since they contain carbon: Carbon dioxide (CO2)
                            Bicarbonate ion (HCO3)
A

Inorganic compounds

25
Q

This compound always contains carbon, usually contain hydrogen, an always have covalent bonds

Examples: Carbohydrates
                   Lipids
                   Proteins 
                   Nucleic acids 
                   Adenosine triphosphate
A

Organic compounds

26
Q

What is a liquid or gas in which some other material called a solute has been dissolved in?

A

A solvent

27
Q

This helps enable dietary nutrients to be absorbed into he body

A

Hydrolysis

28
Q

What absorbs an releases heat very slowly?

A

Water

29
Q

What requires a large amount of heat to change from a liquid to a gas?

A

Water

30
Q

This serves as a lubricant

A

Water

31
Q

What is a substance that breaks apart or dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions (H+) when it dissolves in water?

A

An Acid

32
Q

What, what contrast, usually dissociates into one or more hydroxide ions (OH-) when it dissolves in water?

A

A Base

33
Q

What react with one another to form salts?

A

Acids an Bases

34
Q

What system does chemical compounds called buffers convert strong acids or bases into weak acids or bases?

A

Buffer system

35
Q

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

36
Q

What are simple sugars that consists of two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond called?

A

Disaccharides

37
Q

What are large, complex carbohydrates that contain tens or hundreds of monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis reactions called?

A

Polysaccharides

38
Q

What is the main polysaccharides in the human body?

A

Glycogen

39
Q

What is glycogen made of?

A

Glucose units joined together in branching chains

40
Q

What are starches made up of?

A

Glucose units

•made mostly by plants

41
Q

What helps move feces through the large intestine?

A

Cellulose

•polysaccharides found in plant walls

42
Q

What are the most plentiful lipids in your body an diet?

A

Triglycerides

43
Q

What is the body’s most highly concentrated form of chemical energy?

A

Triglycerides

44
Q

What tissue are triglycerides stored in?

A

Adipose (fat tissue)

45
Q

What are large molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, an nitrogen?

A

Proteins

46
Q

Why are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

47
Q

What does the unit of two or more amino acids produce?

A

Peptide

48
Q

What is the molecule of two amino acids combined called?

A

Dipeptide

49
Q

When adding another amino acid to a dipeptide, what does it produce?

A

Tripeptide

50
Q

What type of peptide contains a large of amino acids?

A

A polypeptide

51
Q

What are the three important properties of an enzyme?

A

Specificity
Efficiency
Control

52
Q

If a protein encounter a hostile environment, in which temperature, Ph, of ion concentration is significantly altered, it may unravel an lose it’s characteristic shape. What is this called?

A

Denaturation

53
Q

What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?

A 
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
54
Q

This phase is in a series of reactions that do not require Oxygen, Glucose is partially broken down by a series of catabolic reactions into pyruvic acid. Each glucose molecule that is converted into a pyruvic acids molecule yields two molecules of ATP

A

Anaerobic phase

55
Q

This phase is in the presence of Oxygen, glucose is completely broken down into carbon dioxide an water. These reactions generate heat and 36 or 38 ATP molecules

A

Aerobic phase

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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