Chemistry Flashcards by Tytanowy Janusz

wytwarzać energię

generate energy

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gałąź wiedzy

branch of science

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surowiec

raw material

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bogactwa naturalne

natural resources

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osiągnąć cel

achieved the goal

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udoskonalać techniki

perfect techniques

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prowadzić eksperyment

carry out experiment

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badania podstawowe

basic research

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badania stosowane

applied research

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prace nastawione na

work oriented toward

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odkrywać

unravelling

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ledwo, zaledwie

scarcely

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zmieniać stan skupienia

turn into

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zajmować się (danym obczarem wiedzy)

concerned with the

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martwić się o

concerned about

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destylacja

distillation

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ekstrakcja

extraction

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podzielny

divisible

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zmienny, odwracalny

convertible

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w towarzystwie, towrzyszy temu…

accompanied by

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olbrzymia ilość

vast number

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zajmować się

deal with

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jedyny w swoim rodzaju

unique

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zdolność do wiązania

ability to bond

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łańcuch węglowy

carbon chain

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pojedyncze, podwójne, potrójne wiązanie

single, double, triple bond

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węglowodory nasycone/nienasycone

saturated/unsaturated hydrocarbons

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węglowodór

hydrocarbon

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łańcuch prosty

straight chain

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łańcuch rozgałęziony

branched chain

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łańcuch boczny

side chain

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łańcuch otwarty

open-chain

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pierścień

ring

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sześciokąt

hexagon

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pochodna benzenu

benzene derivative

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grupa funkcyjna

functional group

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wyjaśniać, stanowić

account for

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odpowiednio

correspondingly

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właściwości chemiczne

chemical properties

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przyłączać do

attached to

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trzon

stem

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oznaczać

stand for

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grupa kwasowa

acidic group

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grupa zasadowa

basic group

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ogromny

immense

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odpowiedni

suitable, convenient

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zawierać

comprise, include

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podobieństwa jakościowe

qualitative similarities

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podobieństwa strukturalne

structural similarities

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węglowodory alifatyczne

aliphatic hydrocarbons

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węglowodory aromatyczne

aromatic hydrocarbons

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alkany

alkanes

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cykloalkany

cykloalcanes

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alkeny

alkenes

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alkiny

alkynes

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struktura cykliczna

cyclic structure

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grupa hydroksylowa

hydroxyl group

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wzór sumaryczny

molecular formula

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grupa alkilowa

alkyl group

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grupa karbonylowa

carbonyl group

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grupa karboksylowa

carboxyl group

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alkohole

alcohols

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etery

ethers

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aldehydy

aldehydes

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kwasy karboksylowe

carboxylic acids

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aminy

amines

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amidy

amides

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aminokwasy

amino acids

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grupa aminowa

amino group

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amoniak

ammonia

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ketony

ketones

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pary elektronowe

electron pairs

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uwspólniać

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wiązanie

bonding

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środek uśmierzający ból

pain reliever

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wierzba

willow

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kora

bark

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pień

trunk

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hydrolizowany w

hydrolysed into

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produkt uboczny

by-product

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bezwodnik

anhydride

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brać doustnie

take orally

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niepożądane właściwości

undesirable properties

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ulepszenie

improvement

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powstała sól

resulting salt

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zatrucie

poisoning

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węgiel (kopalny)

coal

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łupki

oil shale

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benzyna

petroleum

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odpady komunalne

municipal waste

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paliwo

fuel

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wydajność spalania

combustion efficiency

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wyłącznie

exclusively

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niska wydajność

poor efficiency

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katalizator

catalytic conventer

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całkowite/częściowe spalanie

complete/partial combustion

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silnik zasilany benzyną

petrol powered engine

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wydzielane gazy

exhaust gases

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minusy, wady

drawbacks

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całkowite/częściowe utlenianie

complete/partial oxidation

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gaz ziemny

natural gas

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gaz syntezowy (wodny)

water gas

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przechodzić przez

pass over

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para

steam

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użycie

usage

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alkohol drzewny

wood alcohol

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w warunkach

in conditions

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pierwotnie

originally

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stąd

hence

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lotny

volatile

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bezbarwny

colourless

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spożywać

consume

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ślepota

blindness

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polimery

polymers

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polimeryzacja

polimerisation process

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wymagać

require

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białko

protein

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niezbędny, istotny

vital

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kwas nukleinowy

nucleic acid

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komórka

cell

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peptyd

peptide

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wiązanie peptydowe

peptide bond

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pozostałość, reszta

residue

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dipeptyd

dipeptide

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tripeptyd

tripeptide

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polipeptyd

polipeptide

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hemoglobina

haemoglobin

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aktywny fizjologicznie

physiologically active

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łączyć w sobie

incorporate

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fatalny

disastrous

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choroba wrodzona

congenital disease

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anemia sierpowata

sickle cell anaemia

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przenośnik, transporter

conveyor of

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czerwone krwinki

red blood corpuscles

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struktura pierwszorzędowa

primary structure

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struktura drugorzędowa

secondary structure

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owinąć

coil

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zwoje

coiled

oś

axis

prawoskrętna helisa

right-handed helix

struktura trzeciorzędowa

tertiary structure

zagięcie, zakładka

fold

kabel telefoniczny

telephone cord

struktura czwartorzędowa

quaternary structure

denaturacja

denaturation

nieodwracalne

irreversible

trwała ondulacja włosów

perm of hair

wiązania

linkages

oddziaływania

interactions

słuchawka

receiver

układać, gromadzić

stack

czynnik redukujący

reducing agent

czynnik utleniający

oxidising agent

bezgraniczny

unbounded

kraking ropy naftowej

cracking of petroleum

powstający związek

resulting compound

materiał niepalny

non-flammable

odpychać

repel

wilgotność ciała

body moisture

rozciągliwe włókno

stretching fibre

pot

sweat

względnie, stosunkowo

rekatively

produkt uboczny

by-product

występujący naturalnie

naturally occuring

gromadzić się

build-up

ładunek elektrostatyczny

electrostatic charge

obwody zminiaturyzowane

miniaturised circuits

części zastępcze

replacing parts

sztuczny

artificial

naśladować przyrodę

mimic nature

oceniać

estimate

niebezpieczny

hazardous

pole naftowe

oil field

drewno

timber

efekt cieplarniany

greenhouse effect

promień słoneczny

sun ray

zatrzymywać

retain

wzrastać z szybkością

increasing at a rate of

przepowiadać

predict

nieunikniony

inevitable

elektrownia

power plant

pokaźne szkody

substantial damages

zbiory

crops

gleba

soil

pozbawiony czegoś

devoid of

wapień

limestone

marmur

marble

trąd

leprosy

forma skrócona

contraction

dym

smoke

mgła

fog; haze

sadza

soot

wilgotne powietrze

damp air

nadmierne spalanie

excessive burning

zmienna ilość

varying amount

dławiący, gryzący gaz

choking, acrid gas

system oddechowy

respiratory system

pogarszać

aggravate

zapalenie oskrzeli

bronchitis

drobne kropelki

fine droplets

zawiesina

suspension

mgiełka

mist

doskonałe otoczenie

perfect setting

rura wydechowa

exhaust pipe

mieszanina

mixture

rozkład

decomposition

długość fali

wavelength

rodnik

radical

sparowane/niesparowane elektrony

paired/unpaired electrons

zubożenie w tlen

oxygen deprivation

podjąć wielki wysiłek

undertake great effort

katalizator

catalytic converter

metale przejściowe

transition metals

przyspieszać

accelerate

całkowite spalanie

complete burning

wilgotny

humid; damp

ból

sore

metale szlachetne

precious metals

powodować

results in

składać się

consists of

osłaniać

shield

dyfundować

diffuse

łączyć się z

combine with

warstwa ozonowa

ozone layer

degradacja

depletion

równowaga

equilibrium

nawozy na bazie azotu

nitrogen-based fertilizers

promieniowanie słoneczne

solar radiation

nazwa handlowa

comercial name

obojętność

neutrality

czynnik napędzający

propellant

błyskawica

lightning

rozedma płuc

pulmonary edema

obrzęk płuc

pulmonary congestion

krwotok

haemorrhage

zjawisko

phenomenon

jądro

nucleus

pęd

momentum

kryterium

criterion

próżnia

vacuum

polega na

consist in

zgadza się, jest takie samo

consist with

zdolny do czegoś

capable of

wyjaśnione przez

explained by

odróżnić od

distinguish from

zależny od

depend on

podtrzymywać

support

wiązanie kowalencyjne

covalent bond

uwspólniać parę elektronową

share pair of electrons

wartościowość

valence

powłoka walencyjna

valence shell

odpychanie

repulsion

układ tetraedryczny

tetrahedral arrangement

siła przyciągania

attractive force

wiązanie wodorowe

hydrogen bond

wiązanie spolaryzowane

polarised bond

elektroujemny, elektrododatni

electronegative, electropositive

zbliżyć się

approach

oddziaływanie

interaction

linia przerywana

dotted line

linia ciągła

solid line

temperatura topnienia

melting point

temperatura wrzenia

boiling point

przypisywać czemuś

attributed to

zdolność

ability

gęstość

density

zmieniać się wraz z temperaturą

varies with temperature

układ usieciowany

crosslinked structure

struktura trójwymiarowa

three-dumensional structure

sześciokątny otwór

hexagonal structure

wyjaśniać

account for

równomiernie, jednolicie

uniformly

warstwa

layer

umożliwiać

enable

utopić

sink

zamarzać

freeze

rozszerzenie

expansion

rozrywać

rupture

wykorzystać

take advantage of

rozpuszczalny, nierozpuszczalny

soluble, insoluble

unosić się

float

wyjątek

exception

ogólne prawo, zasada

general rule

zastosować ciśnienie

apply pressure

ślizgać się

glide

pasek

strip

pozornie

seemingly

smar

lubricant; grease

lodowisko

ice rink

utrzymywać

maintain

diagram fazowy

phase diagram

wymagać

require

wywierać

exert

przewyższać

exceed

pojemność cieplna

heat capacity

przeogromna ilość

vast amount

wahania temperatury

temprature variations

bezwodny

waterless

doceniać

appreciate

niezmiernie

immensely

gęsto

densely

precyzyjnie

precisely

źródło

source

woda surowa, naturalna

raw water

mętna woda

murky water

przekształcać

convert

woda pitna

potable water

zawiesina

suspension

proces obróbki

treatment process

napowietrzać

aerate

cuchnący, rozpuszczony gaz

toul-smelling dissolved gas

wapno palone (CaO)

lime

twardość wody

water hardness

osad

precipitate

osadzać się

settle in

osadnik

settling basin

przenosić, porywać w dół

carry down

zawieszone cząstki

suspended particles

brud

dirt

porosty algowe

alga growth

połączyć

combine

ścieki

sludge

utylizacja

disposal

filtr piaskowy

sand filter

warstwa węgla aktywnego

bed of active carbon

drobno rozproszony węgiel

finely dispersed carbon

powierzchnia porowata

porous structure

dostosować

adjust

unikać

avoid

próchnica zębów

tooth decay

szkliwo

tooth enamel

galaretowaty

gelatinous

strącanie

precipitation

wyprowadzać

lead out

napotykać

encounter

pustynia

desert

deficytowy

scarce

rozkazywać

command

rzucić do

throw into

oczyszczać

purify

podjąć próbę

make attempt

wybielony, rozjaśniony

bleached

właściwa technologia

appropriate technology