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Exams Winter 2017 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the difference between philosophers and scientists?

A

Philosophers proposed solutions and scientists experimented and proved solutions.

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2
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Two atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

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3
Q

What is the Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)?

A

1/12 of the mass of the atomic number.

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4
Q

How do you calculate AMU?

A

Multiply mass by percent abundance.

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5
Q

Which radiation particle is the least penetrating?

A

Alpha particle

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6
Q

Which radiation particle is the middle penetrating?

A

Betta particle

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7
Q

Which radiation particle is the most penetrating?

A

Gamma particle

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8
Q

What is nuclear force?

A

An attractive force that acts between all nuclear particles that are extremely close together.

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9
Q

What are protons equal to?

A

The atomic number.

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10
Q

What do you add to figure out the atomic mass?

A

Neutrons and Protons.

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11
Q

What do you subtract to figure out how many neutrons there are?

A

Atomic mass and protons.

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12
Q

What is the Kinetic Theory?

A

That particles in a gas are small, hard, spherical, and have insignificant volume.

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13
Q

What does a barometer measure?

A

Atmospheric pressure.

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14
Q

What is the difference between vaporization and evaporation?

A

Vaporization occurs at the surface of a liquid that is BOILING.

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15
Q

What is vapor pressure?

A

A force exerted by a gas above liquids.

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16
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

Where the rate of evaporation = the rate of condensation.

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17
Q

What does a manometer measure?

A

Vapor pressure of a liquid.

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18
Q

What is the normal boiling point?

A

101.3 kPa

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19
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

Two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state.

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of carbon allotropes?

A
  1. Diamond
  2. Graphite
  3. Fullerene
21
Q

What does an amorphous solid lack?

A

Internal structure.

22
Q

What is a triple point?

A

A set of conditions where all three phases can exist.

23
Q

What is compressability?

A

The measure of how much volume of matter decreases under pressure.

24
Q

What 3 factors affect gas pressure?

A
  1. Amount of particles
  2. Shape of container
  3. Temperature
25
Q

What is the formula for Boyle’s Law?

A

P1xV1=P2xV2

26
Q

What’s the formula for Charles’ Law?

A

V1/T1=V2/T2

27
Q

What is the formula for Gay Lussac’s Law?

A

P1/T1+P2/T2

28
Q

What is the formula for the combined Gas Law?

A

P1xV1/T1=P2xV2/T2

29
Q

What kind of bonds do intermolecular attractions form?

A

Hydrogen bonds

30
Q

What is surface tension?

A

The inward pull that minimizes surface area.

31
Q

What is a surfacant?

A

Any substance that interferes with hydrogen bonding.

32
Q

How does heat flow?

A

Warmer to colder.

33
Q

Does the system gain or lose heat in an endothermic process?

A

Gain

34
Q

Does the system gain or lose heat in an exothermic process?

A

Loses

35
Q

What is 200,000 in scientific notation?

A

2.0x10^5

36
Q

What is the accepted value?

A

The correct value based on reliable measurements.

37
Q

What is the experimental value?

A

Measured in a lab

38
Q

How do you determine error?

A

experimental value-accepted value

39
Q

What is the SI unit for volume?

A

Liter (L)

40
Q

What is the absolute zero?

A

Where particle movement stops.

41
Q

What kind of property is density?

A

Intensive.

42
Q

Does volume increase or decrease as temperature increases?

A

Increases.

43
Q

What always happens during a chemical change?

A

The composition of matter always changes.

44
Q

Iron and surfur react. What is the reactant and the product?

A

Reactant: Iron and Sulfur
Product: Iron Sulfide

45
Q

What are the four ways you can tell a chemical change has taken place?

A
  1. Change in color
  2. Production of gas
  3. Transfer of energy
  4. Formation of a precipitate
46
Q

What does every chemical change involve?

A

Transfer of energy.

47
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

Making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories.

48
Q

What is the acronym for the metric prefixes?

A

Kangaroos Hop Down Bumpy Driveways Chasing Monkeys

49
Q

What’s the difference between intensive and extensive properties?

A

Extensive properties depends on the amount of matter in a sample while intensive properties depend on the type of matter.

Exams Winter 2017 (3 decks)

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