Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovacular Anatomy and Physiology I Q1 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Electrons stay around the nucleus in this

A

electron cloud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atoms are electrically neutral because of this

A

they have the same number of electrons as they do protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Another name for the outer most shell

A

valence shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What determines the chemical properties of an atom

A

number of electrons in the valence shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Isotopes

A

protons are the same with different numbers of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes an isotope radioactive

A

it being unstable. not all electrons in valence shell are paired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an element ?

A

pure substance that cannot be changed or broken down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a compound ?

A

2 or more different elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 3 types of chemical bonds

A

Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a molecule?

A

atoms are held together by covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an atom that loses an electron called?

A

Cation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an atom that gains an electron called?

A

Anion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which bond shares electrons?

A

covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does covalent non-polar bonds mean?

A

the electrons are shared equally between the pair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does polar covalent bonds mean ?

A

electrons are shared unequally between the two atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Hydrogen bonds?

A

between 2 polar molecules that contain hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are free radicals?

A

they have unpaired electrons in the valence shell and pull off from the neighbouring atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do free radicals cause?

A

oxidative stress (inflammation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are antioxidants?

A

Donate to free radicals without becoming a free radical themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an example of decomposition rxn ?

A

AB ——-> A + B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an example of a synthesis rxn ?

A

A + B ——-> AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an example of an exchange rxn?

A

AB + CD ———-> AC + BD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is an example of a reversible rxn?

A

A + B AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is an enzyme ?

A

proteins made by the body to lower activation energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

repels water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does hydrophilic mean ?

A

dissolves easily in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the definition for hydrolysis?

A

water is added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the definition of dehydration ?

A

water is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Is water polar or non polar covalent bond ?

A

polar molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is it called when ionic bonds dissolve?

A

ionization or dissociation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

TRUE / FALSE :

Electrolytes are soluble inorganic molecules whose ions cannot conduct electricity.

A

FALSE

Electrolytes conduct electricity

32
Q

What is the most abundant extracellular cation?

A

Sodium Na+

33
Q

What is the most abundant intracellular cation?

A

Potassium K+

34
Q

What is the normal blood pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

35
Q

What are acids ?

A

any solute that dissociates in a solution and releases [H+]

ex// HCl-

36
Q

What is a base ?

A

any solute that removes the [H+] ions from a solution and releases [OH-]
ex// KOH

37
Q

What is a salt?

A

An ionic compound contains anything but [H+] or [OH-]

38
Q

What are buffers?

A

compounds that stabilize pH

holds on to hydrogen temporarily

39
Q

What is an example of a buffer?

A

carbonic acid - bicarbonate buffer system

40
Q

What do organic compounds always contain?

A

carbon and hydrogen

41
Q

Name three types of carbohydrates.

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
polysaccharides

42
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

single sugar

43
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

2 monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond

44
Q

What is a polysaccharide ?

A

complex carb.

45
Q

Name some examples of polysaccharides

A

starches
glycogen
cellulose/fiber

46
Q

What is the stored form of glucose?

A

glycogen

47
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

liver and skeletal muscle

48
Q

What is glycogenolysis

A

glycogen being broken down

49
Q

What is the hormone that stimulates glycogenolysis?

A

glucogon

50
Q

Are lipids soluble ?

A

Lipids are insoluble because they are non polar

51
Q

Name two types of fatty acids.

A

saturated

unsaturated

52
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A

atoms in a chain are attached to a H

causes chain to be stiff

53
Q

What is a unsaturated fatty acid?

A

2 or more double bonds in a fatty acid chain

54
Q

What is a trans fatty acid?

A

heat switches the bonds of Hydrogen ( the hydrogen used to be going up and now it’s going down )

55
Q

What are triglycerides used for ?

A

insulation and protection

56
Q

What do steroids form?

A

sex hormones

bile salts

57
Q

Where is cholesterol made in the body?

A

liver

58
Q

What’s another name for covalent bonds when referring to protein structure?

A

peptide bonds

59
Q

Where does a protein get its shape?

A

Hydrogen bonds

60
Q

What is protein conformation change?

A

like curly ribbon
the protein is activated and changes its shape and once it’s done with whatever it needs to do it returns to its original form.

61
Q

What’s the name of the substance that the enzyme works on?

A

substrate

62
Q

What’s the name of the finish product of the changed substrate?

A

product

63
Q

The process when each enzyme works on one type of rxn.

A

specificity

64
Q

Cofactors/coenzymes

A

minerals and vitamins

65
Q

Name two nucleic acids?

A

DNA

RNA

66
Q

What is RNA?

A

Manufacture proteins using information provided by DNA

67
Q

What is ATP?

A

A high energy compound

68
Q

What is ATP used for?

A

vital cell function and synthesis of proteins

69
Q

What are the two most common hydrogen bonded molecules in the body?

A

water

DNA

70
Q

What is HCO3 - ?

A

bicarbonate

71
Q

What is H2CO3 ?

A

Carbonic Acid

72
Q

What is a neutral pH?

A

7

73
Q

The lower end of the pH scale is (acidic/basic).

A

Acidic

74
Q

The higher end of the pH scale is (acidic/basic).

A

Basic

75
Q

What is glycogenisis ?

A

a formation of glycogen stimulated by insulin

76
Q

What is denaturation ?

A

lose its shape

77
Q

What causes denaturation ?

A

high temperatures

change in pH

Cardiovacular Anatomy and Physiology I Q1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions