Chemistry Flashcards
Incomplete Combustion Equations
Hydrocarbon + O₂ → CO + H₂O
Hydrocarbon + O₂ → C + H₂O
Structural Isomerism
A molecule which has the same molecular formula but has a different structural formula
Catalyst for catalytic cracking
Zeolites
Catalyst for catalytic converters
Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium
Complete Combustion Equation
Hydrocarbon + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
Effect of Water on Global Warming
Traps infra-red radiation from the sun
How are Nitrogen Oxides formed
From the high temperatures and the spark in the car’s engine
Problems of Carbon Monoxide
Is toxic to humans as it binds to the haemoglobin in the body
Problems of Carbon
Contributes to global dimming
Causes respiritory problems
How can sulphur dioxide be removed from fossil fuels
Flue gas desulphurisation
- Using calcium oxide
- Neutralises SO₂
- Forms “Clean gases” and Calcium Sulphate
Equation for Measuring Enthalpy Change
Q=mcΔT
Ideal Gas Equation
pV=nRT
Standard Conditions
100kPa, 1mol/dm³ + 298K
Chain Isomers
Different arrangements of the carbon skeleton
Position Isomers
Different arrangements of the side chains
Functional Group Isomers
Different arrangements of the atoms, changing the functional group
Nucleophilic Substitution
The replacement of the halogen atom by a nucleophile
Nucleophile
An electron pair donor
Carbon Neutral
Activity which has no net carbon emissions to the atmosphere
Colour of Fluorine + State
Pale yellow gas
Colour of Chlorine + State
Green gas
Colour of Bromine + State
Red-Brown liquid
Colour of Iodine + State
Grey solid
Colour of Solution Formed when Bromine Displaced
Orange
