Chemistry

Question 1

The formulaic representation of enthalpy

Answer 1

H

Question 2

Gibbs free energy

Answer 2

Given by
G = H - TS

If positive, non-spontaneous
If negative, spontaneous

Question 3

Bohr Model

Answer 3

Incorrect model of electron orbit where electrons orbit the nuclear as planets orbit the sun

Question 4

De Broglie Hypothesis

Answer 4

Electrons have properties both of waves and particles

Question 5

Alpha Decay

Answer 5

Radioactive decay where an atom emits a helium nucleus. Has a positive charge.

Question 6

Beta Decay

Answer 6

Radioactive decay characterized by emission of a beta particle (electron)

Question 7

Positron Emission

Answer 7

Similar to beta decay, but a positron is emitted (same as an electron but has a positive charge)

Question 8

Gamma Decay

Answer 8

An nucleus releases energy in the form of high-energy radiation, or a gamma photon.

Question 9

Alkali Metals

Answer 9

1. Extremely reactive
2. Low melting point
3. Shiny

Question 10

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 10

1. Moderately reactive

2. Similar to alkali metals

Question 11

Metals

Answer 11

1. Shiny
2. Good conductor
3. Malleable
4. Ductile

Question 12

Nonmetals

Answer 12

1. Poor conductors
2. Brittle
3. Low melting point

Question 13

Vapor Pressure

Answer 13

Partial pressure of the vapor molecules that have escaped from a liquid sample above the surface of that sample. Depends, externally, on temperature alone.

Question 14

The solubility of this substance increases with increasing temperature

Answer 14

Solids

Question 15

The solubility of this substance increases when temperature decreases

Answer 15

Gases

Question 16

The solubility of this substance increases when pressure increases

Answer 16

Gases

Question 17

What does (p) in front of another symbol stand for?

Answer 17

-log(symbol)

Question 18

The Arrhenius definition of an acid and base

Answer 18

Anything that produces an H+ is an acid,

Anything that produces an OH- is a base

Question 19

Lewis definition of an acid and base

Answer 19

An acid accepts a pair of electrons in a solution,

A base donates a pair

Question 20

Brønstead-Lowry definition of an acid and base

Answer 20

Acids are proton donors,

Bases are proton acceptors

Question 21

What is a conjugate base?

Answer 21

The molecule that remains after an H+ has been removed

Question 22

Where can you find the pKacid or pKbase in the titration of a weak acid or base?

Answer 22

At the pH of the halfway equivalence point

Question 23

What are the strong acids?

Answer 23

• Hydrochloric acid
• Hydrobromic acid
• Hydroiodidic acid
• Nitric acid
• Sulfuric acid (only the first H is strong)
• Perchloric acid (HClO4)

Question 24

What are the strong bases?

Answer 24

Group 1 hydroxides such as LiOH, NaOH, KOH, etc.

Question 25

Alkanes

Answer 25

Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds. Saturated.

Question 26

Alkenes

Answer 26

Hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond. Unsaturated.

Question 27

Alkynes

Answer 27

Hydrocarbons containing triple bonds. Unsaturated.

Question 28

Alcohol

Answer 28

An O-H bonded to a carbon atom.

Polar

Question 29

Halides

Answer 29

Halogen bonded to a carbon atom

Question 30

Organic/carboxylic acids

Answer 30

A carboxyl group (COOH) bonded to a carbon chain

Question 31

Amines

Answer 31

An amine (NH2) bonded to a carbon atom. Basic

Question 32

Aldehydes

Answer 32

A carbonyl (C=O) group bonded to a terminal carbon

Question 33

Ketones

Answer 33

A carbonyl (C=O) group that is bonded to a nonterminal carbon

Question 34

Ethers

Answer 34

An oxygen atom linked to two hydrocarbon chains

Question 35

Esters

Answer 35

An oxygen bonded to an aldehyde and a hydrocarbon chain

Question 36

The formulaic symbol for entropy

Answer 36

S