Chemistry Flashcards
Matter
Everything that takes up space.
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
Energy
- Two states: Potential and Kenetic
- Potantial is stored energy
- Kenetic is energy in motion
- Five Forms
- Electric- Current
- Mechanical- Movement
- Thermal- Heat trasfer from one object to the next
- Chemical- Form of breaking apart or making chemical compounds.
Periodic Table
Simplest form of matter is elements
Composed of Metals, Non-metals and Inert gasses
Metals
Vs.
Non-metals
Malleable v. non-malleable
Lustrious v. non- lustrious
Conductive v. non-conductive
Protons
- Protons = Atomic #
- Positive Charge
- Weigh 1 Dalton
- In the Nucleus
Atoms
Consist of Protons and Nutrons in the nuclus
Electrons in the Electron Cloud
The smallest form of an element or matter
Neutrons
- Neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic #(Protons)
- Charge is Neutral
- Weighs 1 Dalton
- In the Nucleus
Elecron
- Electons are = to Protons
- Negative Charge
- 0 Daltons
- In the Elecron Cloud
Isotopes
- Varying # of Neutrons
Radioisotopes
- Unstable Isotope
- Varying # of electrons
Ions
- Varying # of electrons
Molecule
Resulting combination when 2 or more atoms share electrons
- Compound
- Chemical reactio
Chemical Bonds
Atoms of a molecule held together by forces of attraction.
- 3 types of bonds
- Ionic bonds (forms molecule)
- Cation+ +Anion-
- Drawn by opposite charge
- Covalent (forms Molecule)
- Polar (unequal sharing of e-)
- Non-Polar (equal sharing of e-)
- Hydrogen (forms shape)
- Ionic bonds (forms molecule)
Valence Shell
Outermost shell of a atoms electrons.
Octet Rule
Atoms what to become stable by interaction chemically to arrange 8 electrons in the valence shell.
Ionic Compounds
Properties
- Hard
- High Boiling point
- Can be fractured
- Crystalline structure
Important Ions to the body
Cations
- Sodium (Na+)
- Potassium (K+)
- Calcium(Ca++)
Anions
- Chlorine (Cl-)
- Sodium Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
- Phosphate(PO4-3)
Hydrogen Bonds
- Oxygen and Nitrogen (polar bonds)
- Partially charged
- Essential to shape and protein formation
- Polar covalent bonds must be present
Activaton Energy
2 Components
- Concectration of particles
- Temperature
Catalysts- Reduce activationenergy and do not change
Metabolism
Sum of all reactions in the body
Catabolism
Breaking down
Decomposistion Reaction
Exergonic (energy out)
Anabolism
Building up
Synthesizing Reaction
Endergonic (energy in)