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Grade 10 Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the law of conservation of matter?

A

Mass is neither lost or gained during a chemical reaction.

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2
Q

What is an unbalanced equation often referred to as?

A

A skeleton equation

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3
Q

Describe synthesis.

A

Two or more reactants combined to form one product

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4
Q

Describe decomposition reaction

A

A single reactant decomposes into two or more reactants.

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5
Q

Describe single displacement reaction

A

One element displaces another element

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6
Q

Describe double displacement reaction

A

Atoms or groups of atoms are exchanged between two reactants, and two new products are formed

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7
Q

Energy cannot be ____ or ____, only ____.

A

Created or destroyed, transferred

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8
Q

During chemical reactions, chemical energy is often converted to what? (List 3)

A

Heat, light or sound

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9
Q

Describe exothermic reactions

A

Energy is released to the environment. Combustion is a special type of exothermic reaction where large quantities of heat are released

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10
Q

Can combustion be both complete or incomplete?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Describe complete combustion

A

Box of oxygen, so all of the carbon atoms combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, and all of the hydrogen atoms combine with oxygen to form water

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12
Q

Describe incomplete combustion

A

Not enough oxygen present, so carbon monoxide and solid carbon soot are produced in addition to carbon dioxide and water

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13
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is a fuel that contains hydrogen and carbon

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14
Q

CH4 = ?

A

Methane

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15
Q

C3H8 = ?

A

Propane

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16
Q

C2H5OH = ?

A

Ethanol (alcohol)

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17
Q

C2H12O6 = ?

A

Glucose

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18
Q

Describe endothermic reactions

A

Energy is absorbed from the environment

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19
Q

Is photosynthesis an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

A

Endothermic

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20
Q

Is water freezing in exothermic or endothermic reaction

A

Exothermic

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21
Q

Is camp fire burning and exothermic or endothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic

22
Q

Is condensation an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic

23
Q

Is a cake baking an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

A

Endothermic

24
Q

Is water boiling an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

A

Endothermic

25
Q

Is a hot pack for injuries an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic

26
Q

Is a tree growing an exothermic or endothermic reaction

A

Endothermic

27
Q

What is a catalyst

A

A chemical that speeds up a chemical reaction, but does not get used up itself. They are written over the aero because they are neither react against nor products.

28
Q

What is corrosion

A

Corrosion is the break down of a metal as a result of chemical reactions with its environment

29
Q

What are 3 ways to prevent corrosion

A
  1. Use a protective coating with rust inhabiting paint, chrome or plastic
  2. Use resistant materials such as plastic
  3. Using galvanizing steel because when cooled with a thin layer of zinc it protects steel cause zinc corrodes
30
Q

Horizontal rows are called what

A

Peroids

31
Q

Vertical columns are called what

A

Groups or families

32
Q

What is ionization

A

When atoms lose or gain electrons to become stable

33
Q

What are positively charged ions called

A

Cations

34
Q

What are negatively charged ions called?

A

Anions

35
Q

What is a binary compound

A

A type of pure matter containing two different elements in a fixed ratio

36
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

When atoms obtain full valence energy by sharing electrons

37
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

38
Q

What are acids

A

Molecules that dissolve in water to produce hydrogen ions

39
Q

Name the 3 types of acids

A

Binary oxyacid and organic

40
Q

Multicellular organisms are made up of what

A

Specialized cells

41
Q

Totipotent cells have the ability to do what

A

To divide and produce all of the different cells

42
Q

Pluripotent cells have the potential to do what

A

Differentiate into any of the three germ layers

43
Q

What are the three germ layers

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

44
Q

Red blood cells

A

Carry oxygen in blood

45
Q

Muscle cells

A

Arranged in bundles called fibers and can contract

46
Q

Fat cells

A

Have large vacuole stores chemical energy

47
Q

Skin cells

A

Fits together tightly to cover body and protects the cells inside and reduces water loss

48
Q

White blood cells

A

Engulf bacteria and fights infection

49
Q

Nerve cells

A

Long, thin and have many branches, conduct electrical impulses to coordinate body

50
Q

Bone cells

A

Collect calcium from food, allow growth and repair phones

Grade 10 Science (2 decks)

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