Chemistry Flashcards
Two or more forms of a chemical element with the same atomic numbers (same number of protons), but different numbers of neutrons (different atomic weight)
Isotope (n)
The chemical process of reacting with oxygen
Oxidation (n)
Elements with similar properties, (vertical columns in the periodic table)
(Periodic) Group (n)
A horizontal line in the periodic table
Period (n)
Something with a pH balance greater than 7
Alkaline (n)
A periodic group that includes the elements fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At)
Halogen (n)
A periodic group that includes the elements helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), and element 118
Noble gases (n)
A chemical element that has properties between metal and nonmetal (neither metal nor nonmetal)
Metalloid (n)
A combination of substances that are not the same
Heterogenous (adj)
A combination of substances that are the same
Homogenous (adj)
A substance that cannot be separated
Element (n)
A substance formed from two or more elements
Compound (n)
A substance that dissolves another
Solvent (n)
A substance that is dissolved by another
Solute (n)
Separating a mixture by using liquid, gas, or alcohol
Chromatography (n)
A substance that is mixed with another substance without chemical change
Solution (n)
Visible to the eye, big stuff
Macroscopic (adj)
Invisible to the eye, small stuff
Microscopic (adj)
Invisible to microscopes, extremely small stuff
Submicroscopic (adj)
Makeup, the way something is formed
Composition (n)
Properties that depend on the amount of matter
Extensive (adj)
Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter
Intensive (adj)
An electronically charged atom
Ion (n)
Having two atoms in the molecule
Diatomic (adj)
The arrangements of the parts of a thing
Configuration (n)
The smallest quantity of some physical quality (matter or energy)
Quantum (adj)
Moles
a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of an atoms, molecules (6.02 × 1023)
Concentration
The amount of solute contained within a given volume.
C = n/V
- C: concentration (M or mol dm-3 or mol L-1)
- n: amount of substance (mol)
- V: volume of the solution (dm3 or L)
Subscripts
The number on the lower right of a element or compound. This shows how many atoms are in a element or compound.
Excess reactant
the substance that takes part in the reaction and has extra amount needed to react
Coefficient ( in a balanced equation)
The number in front of a substance. The number shows you the ratios of molecules / atoms of each and the ratio of moles.
Reactant
The starting substance(s). The original substance before changing due to any chemical reactions.
Percent Yield
The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield
Dilution
The action of making the liquid more dilute (example: add more water or any solvent into the solution)
Empirical formula
a formula that shows the ratio of elements present in the compound.
Limiting reactant
The reactant/substance which would totally be comsumed when the chemical reaction is complete
