Chemistry Flashcards
Conjugate acid
Conjugate base
The acid on the product side.
The base on the product side
Strong acid
Weak acid
Large Ka, Small pKa
Small Ka, Large pKa
Strong base
Weak base
Small Ka, Large pKa
Large Ka, Small pKa
How to work out conc of strong acid?
pH=-log10 [H30+]
How to work out conc of strong base?
Kw=[H30+] [OH-]
kw=10 -14
How to work out conc of weak acid?
pH=0.5pKa-0.5log[HA]
How to work out conc of weak base?
pH=0.5pKw+0.5pKA+0.5log [B]
Henderson Hasselbalch acid
pH=pKa+log [Base]/[Acid]
Henderson Hasselbalch base
pH=pKa+log [B]/[BH+]
Blood buffer system
- Acid produced by body
- Reacts with bicarbonate (HCO3-)
- Produces carbonic acid (H2CO3)
- Carbonic acid dissociates to give CO2 + H2O
H2CO3 –> H+ + HCO3-
H2CO3 –> H20 + CO2
pKa equation
pKa=-log10 Ka
Raft forming agents
Alginic acid: If pH falls below 3.5, precipitate appears as a gel which swells and absorbs=raft formed
Bicarbonate: CO2 trapped and helps raft float
Calcium cations: Interact with alginate and aid crosslinking, increase raft viscosity.
Antifoaming agents
Simeticone
- Silicone polymer
- Lowers surface tension of gas bubbles
- Relieves trapped wind
Antacids
Act locally
Maintain pH 3-6
Fast acting and long duration
Calcium carbonate
Bond Energies (Acid)
Weaker bond=Better acid
Can lose proton easier
