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Chemistry year 11 GCSE > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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0
Q

What do thermoplastics go soft when heated

A

Because of the weak forces of attraction between chains

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1
Q

What is a difference between thermosets and thermoplastics

A

Thermoset stays hard when heated

Thermoplastic soften when heated

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2
Q

Why do thermosets stay hard when heated

A

Because the string forces of attraction between the polymer chains

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3
Q

Why are group 1 metals stored in oil

A

They react instantly with the oxygen in the air

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4
Q

What are smart materials

A

Material that has properties that change shape reversible based on its surroundings

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5
Q

What are thermochromic pigments

A

Change colour reversibly depending on the temperature

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6
Q

What are the uses for thermochromic pigments

A

Drinks cans
Clothing
Thermometer strips

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7
Q

What is temporary hard water caused by

A

Dissolved calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate

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8
Q

What is temporary hard water removed by

A

Boiling

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9
Q

What type of reaction does boiling the temporary hard water cause

A

A thermal decomposition reaction

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10
Q

What causes permanent hard water

A

Dissolved calcium sulfate or magnesium sulfate

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11
Q

Explain how ion exchange resin colomns works

A

Hard water is passed through column which contains beads that exchange the mg2+ or ca2+ ions for sodium ions

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12
Q

How is permanent hard water removed

A

Ion exchange resin or adding sodium carbonate solution

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13
Q

What is a disadvantage of using ion exchange

A

Sodium ions can cause health problems

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14
Q

Why do thermosets not change shape when heated

A

Strong covalent bonds between the polymer chains

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15
Q

Why do thermoplastics soften and change shape when heated

A

There are weak forces of attraction between the polymer chains

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16
Q

What are the processes of water purification

A

Sedimentation
Filtration
Chlorination
Screening

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17
Q

What happens during sedimentation

A

Water is stored in setting tanks where large insoluble particles settle out at sludge

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18
Q

What happens during filtration

A

Small insoluble particles are removed by passing through sand beds

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19
Q

What is chlorination

A

Chlorine is added to kill bacteria

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20
Q

What is screening

A

The water is passed through screens to remove unwanted objects like sticks litter and leaves

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21
Q

What is the chemical name for CH4

A

Methane

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22
Q

What is the chemical name for C2H6

A

Ethane

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23
Q

What is the chemical name for C3H6

A

Propene

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24
Q

What is the chemical name for C4H10

A

Butane

25
Q

What is the chemical name for C2H4

A

Ethene

26
Q

What is the chemical name for C3H6

A

Propene

27
Q

What are alkanes

A

Saturated hydro carbons that contain only C-C bonds

28
Q

What are alkenes

A

Unsaturated hydro carbons that have a c=c bond present

29
Q

What colour is sodium chloride solution

A

Colourless

30
Q

What colour is chlorine

A

Colourless

31
Q

What colour is bromine

A

Orange

32
Q

What colour is sodium bromide

A

Colourless

33
Q

What colour is iodine

A

Brown

34
Q

What colour is sodium iodide

A

Colourless

35
Q

What type of reaction is used to show the trend of a group 7 element

A

Displacement reaction

36
Q

What happens in a displacement reaction

A

The more reactive group 7 halogen displaces the less reactive group 7 halogen from its compound

37
Q

What is photochromic pigments

A

Change colour reversibly depending on the conditions

38
Q

What are the uses of photochromic pigments

A

Lenses in a pair of glasses

39
Q

What are the uses of hydrogel/polymergel

A

Nappies
Clean up chemical spills
Used to water plants

40
Q

What are the uses of shape memory polymers

A

Car body parts

Medical stitches

41
Q

What is and example of a shape memory alloy

A

Nitinol

42
Q

What is a use of a shape memory alloy

A

Temperature control on coffee pots

43
Q

What is hydrogel

A

Absorbs water and expands to many times it’s original volume

Contracts and releases water to reduce it’s original volume

44
Q

What is chromatography

A

Used to separate different coloured pigments

45
Q

What is gas chromatography

A

Used to ident the substances present and measure the about

46
Q

How do you work out the RF value

A

Distance moved by pigment divided by distance moved by solvent

47
Q

What is the metallic bond

A

The force of attraction between the positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised outer shell electrons

48
Q

Why are simple covalent molecules gases at room temperature

A

Because they have low boiling points

49
Q

Why do simple covalent molecules have low boiling points

A

Because there are weak forces of attraction between the molecules

50
Q

Why can metals conduct electricity when a voltage is applied

A

Because the sea of free outer shell electrons will move towards the positive potential

51
Q

Why are metals malleable and ductile

A

Because when a force is applied the layers can slide over each other

52
Q

Why does graphite have a high melting point

A

Because the carbon atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds

53
Q

Why won’t diamond conduct electricity

A

No free electrons in the outer shell

54
Q

What are the uses of diamond

A

Cutting tools

55
Q

What are the uses of graphite

A

Lubricant and pencils

56
Q

What are the uses of carbon nanotubes

A

Micro electronics

57
Q

What is a similarity of thermosets and thermoplastics

A

Made up of long chain polymers

58
Q

What are the advantages of hard water

A

Reduces the risk of heart disease

Strengthens teeth and bones

59
Q

What are the disadvantages of hard water

A

Form limescale which makes boilers less efficient and waste energy

Chemistry year 11 GCSE (3 decks)

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