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YR8 Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • Plasma (irrelevant)
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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that occupies physical space.

Everything in the universe is made up of matter.

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2
Q

Properties of solids?

A
  • Fixed shape and space
  • Cannot be compressed easily
  • Usually not pourable
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3
Q

Properties of liquids?

A
  • Take on the container shape
  • Can be poured
  • Occupy a fixed amount of space
  • Have a fixed volume
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4
Q

Properties of gases?

A
  • No fixed shape
  • Does not stay in one place without lid
  • Can be compressed
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5
Q

PARTICLES

A

All particles have kinetic energy and move according to the energy level.

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6
Q

States Chart

A 
(melting)         (evaporation)
SOLID  ➡️➡️  LIQUID ➡️☀️➡️GAS
 ⬆️↖️(freezing)↙️ ↖️(condensation)↙️⬆️
  ↖️↔️↔️↔️↔️↔️↔️↔️↔️↔️↔️↔️↔️↔️↔️↗️
                    (sublimation)
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7
Q

Explain particles in solids

A 
•In fixed positions held tightly together in a bond
•Vibrate on the spot
•Do not have a lot of Kinetic energy
◼️➕◼️➕◼️➕◼️
➕◼️➕◼️➕◼️➕
◼️➕◼️➕◼️➕◼️
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8
Q

Explain particles in liquids

A
  • Closely spaced and gently bonded together
  • Have more kinetic energy than solid particles
  • Move randomly but motion limited by genetic bonds
  • Particles slip past each other and collie with nearby particles
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9
Q

Explain particles in gases

A

•Not bonded

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10
Q

How do you increase atoms kinetic energy?

A

Add heat. Subtracting heat makes them less kinetic.

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11
Q

Mass?

A

Is the amount of matter in an object and is measured using a balance.

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12
Q

Volume?

A

Amount of space an object occupies

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13
Q

Expansion:

A

Happens through heating.
Heat energy added ➡️ particles vibrate faster and have more kinetic energy ➡️ particles collide more and move further apart: Expansion

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14
Q

What are elements?

A
  • Substances that cannot be broken down into any other substances.
  • All elements appear on the periodic table
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15
Q

Atomic Number

A

= Number of Protons
= Number of Electrons
Appears above the symbol on the periodic table

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16
Q

Atomic mass?

A

Number of protons + the number of neutrons.

Mass - Protons = neutrons

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17
Q

What is the outer shell?

A
  • The valence shell
  • Highest energy shell
  • Predicts how the atom/element will react with others.
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18
Q

List the main physical properties

A
  • Lustre •Ductility
  • Texture •Flexibility
  • Conductivity •Temperature
  • Colour •Malleability
  • Density •Hardness
  • Strength •Shape
  • Mass •Elasticity
  • State
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19
Q

Lustre?

A

The shininess of a substance

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20
Q

Texture?

A

How a substance feels physically

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21
Q

Ductility?

A

The substances ability to be stretched or hammered into thin wires

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22
Q

Conductivity?

A

The substances ability to conduct heat and electrical energy

23
Q

Colour?

A

The colour appearance of the object

24
Q

Density?

A

The weight of an object compared to its size

25
Q

Temperature?

A

The heat of a substance

26
Q

Malleability?

A

The objects ability to bend and be flexible

27
Q

Strength?

A

He substances ability to withstand a force

28
Q

Chemical Properties of a substance?

A 
Toxicity               Solubility
Flammability       Acidity
Corrosiveness    Solvent
Radioactivity      Solute
Reactiveness
29
Q

Physical Properties Of Metals?

A 
Lustrous
Good Conductor (☀️+⚡️)
High Density
Ductile
High Melting Point
Malleable
30
Q

Chemical Properties of Metals?

A

Easily lose electrons

Corrode (rust) Easily

31
Q

Non Metals physical properties?

A 
No lustre                   Low Density
Poor Conductor        Low melting point 
Brittle
Not Ductile
Not Malleable
32
Q

Non metals chemical properties?

A

Tend to gain electricity

33
Q

Metalloid physical properties?

A 
Solids
Can be shiny or dull
Ductile
Malleable
Decent Conductivity
34
Q

Melting Point

A

When a solid begins to change into its liquid state

35
Q

Boiling Point

A

The point at which a liquid begins to change into its gas state

36
Q

Condensation

A

Gas to liquid

37
Q

Evaporation

A

Liquid to gas

38
Q

Sublimation:

A

solid to gas, gas to solid

39
Q

Compound

A

Consists of two or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded.
E.g. H2O (Water). Hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

40
Q

Chemical Word Equations

A

Reactant 1 + Reactant 2 ➡️ (forms) Product 1 + Product 2

E.g. Zinc + Lead Nitrate —> Zinc Nitrate + Lead

41
Q

Metals on left of periodic table

A

Left of staircase

42
Q

Periodic table groups

A
  • Going down (numbers across the top)

* Elements in same group have equal valence shell electrons.

43
Q

Periods in PT

A

Going across

44
Q

Noble Gases

A

Far right column

45
Q

Group 1 metals?

A

Alkali metals

46
Q

Group 2 metals?

A

Alkali earth metals

47
Q

Halogen group?

A

Second from end

48
Q

Actinide series?

A

Exon from bottom

49
Q

Lanthanide Series?

A

Bottom one

50
Q

Atom?

A

Makes up everything. Singular. Smallest unit of a substance

51
Q

Elements

A

Pure substance made from only one type of atom. Appears on the periodic table

52
Q

Molecules

A

A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together. These can be the same type or different types of atoms.

53
Q

Compounds

A

Two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.

54
Q

Mixture

A

A substance made of two or more atoms that are not chemically bonded.

YR8 Science (3 decks)

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