Chemistry 2.2.10: Electronegativity + Bond Polarity

Question 1

what is the definition of electronegativity?

Answer 1

It is the power of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.

Question 2

what is used to measure electronegativity?

Answer 2

The Pauling scale.

Question 3

What is the electronegativity of C, N,O,F

Answer 3

2.5, 3.0, 3.5,4.0

Question 4

How does the atomic radius affect the electronegativity of an element?

Answer 4

Electrons further away from the nucleus are less strongly attracted towards the nucleus there an increased atomic radius results in decreased electronegativity

Question 5

How does shielding affect the electronegativity of an element?

Answer 5

Filled energy levels can shield the effect of the nuclear charge cause outer electrons to be less attracted to the nucleus therefore an increase of inner shells/sub-shells will result in decreased electronegativity.

Question 6

What is the trend of electronegativity in the periodic table?

Answer 6

• Increases across a group in the periodic table due to a increase in nuclear charge which decreases the atomic radius.
• Decreases down a group in the periodic table due to an overall decrease in attraction between the nucleus and outer bonding electrons.

Question 7

What makes a covalent bond non-polar?

Answer 7

when the two atoms in the bond have the same electronegativity or within <0.5 of each other

Question 8

What makes a covalent bond polar?

Answer 8

when the two atoms in the bond have different electronegativity it will be polar and electrons will pull more toward the more electronegative atom.

Question 9

What is the dipole moment?

Answer 9

It is a measure of how polar a bond is.