Chemistry 2 - Core Flashcards
What are the two types of material?
Natural and synthetic
What do the material types include?
Metals, polymers and ceramics
What makes a material?
chemicals or chemical mixtures
What are raw materials?
natural materials taken from the Earth’s crust
What is crude oil?
A thick, black, sticky liquid containing mostly hydrocarbons
What are hydrocarbons?
chain molecules containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms
what causes different hydrocarbons to have different boiling points?
the different lengths of their molecular chains
what happens as the length of the molecular chains increases?
the strength of the forces between each molecule increases
what is needed to make these crude oils gases?
enough energy (more depending on the length of the molecular chain) to break each bond, allowing the molecules to move freely as gas
Which molecules have the highest boiling points?
the larger ones
what can separate hydrocarbons?
fractional distillation - separated into different fractions or parts
what is fractional distillation?
the separation of liquids into fractions at differing boiling points
what does the petrochemical industry do?
refine naturally occurring crude oil to produce fuels, lubricants and raw materials for chemical synthesis
What affects the effectiveness of the end product of a material?
the properties of the material used
what are some considerations that must be taken into account when deciding on the best material?
1- being certain that previous data given by this material can be reproduced
2- cost
3- biodegradability
what is polymerisation?
an important chemical process in which small hydrocarbon molecules (called monomers) are joined together to make polymers
what are polymers?
very long molecules
