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science > Chemistry 2 > Flashcards

Chemistry 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Isotope

A

Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

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2
Q

Radioactive

A

Emitting or relating to the emission of ionizing radiation or particles.

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3
Q

Half life

A

The time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value.

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4
Q

Alpha radiation

A

Ionizing radiation consisting of alpha particles, emitted by some substances undergoing radioactive decay.

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5
Q

Gamma radiation

A

Gamma rays.

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6
Q

Beta radiation

A

A beta particle is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted in the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus.

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7
Q

Radiometric dating

A

Radiometric dating or radioactive dating is a technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.

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8
Q

Radiocarbon dating

A

He determination of the age or date of organic matter from the relative proportions of the carbon isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-14 that it contains.

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9
Q

Nuclear reactors

A

An apparatus or structure in which fissile material can be made to undergo a controlled, self-sustaining nuclear reaction with the consequent release of energy.

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10
Q

Fuel rods

A

A rod-shaped fuel element in a nuclear reactor.

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11
Q

Fission

A

Division or splitting into two or more parts.

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12
Q

External radiotherapy

A

External radiation therapy, is a method for delivering a beam or several beams of high-energy x-rays to a patient’s tumor.

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13
Q

Internal radiotherapy

A

Internal radiation therapy also called chemotherapy or seed implantation is a type of cancer treatment

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14
Q

Brachytherapy

A

The treatment of cancer, especially prostate cancer, by the insertion of radioactive implants directly into the tissue.

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15
Q

Melt-down

A

Collapse or break down disastrously.

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16
Q

Ground zero

A

The point on the earth’s surface directly above or below an exploding nuclear bomb.

17
Q

Thermal flash

A

Flash burn is any burn injury caused by intense flashes of light, high voltage electric current, or strong thermal radiation.

18
Q

Electromagnetic pulse

A

An electromagnetic pulse is an intense burst of electromagnetic energy caused by an abrupt, rapid acceleration of charged particles, usually electrons.

19
Q

Nuclear fallout

A

Nuclear fallout, or simply fallout, is the residual radioactive material propelled into the upper atmosphere following a nuclear blast.

20
Q

Exothermic

A

The process spontaneously gives off heat and gets

hot is exothermic.

21
Q

Endothermic

A

Spontaneously absorbs heat and gets cold is endothermic.

22
Q

Precipitate

A

A precipitate is a solid that’s formed when two

liquids are mixed together.

23
Q

Reactants

A

The stuff at the left (CH4 and O2) are the reactants

24
Q

Product

A

The products are CO2 and H2O.

25
Q

State

A

The (g) at the bottom of each compound indicates that they are in the gas state.

26
Q

Aqueous

A

If it’s dissolved in water it’s aqueous (aq).

27
Q

Coefficient

A

This is where you put numbers in front of each of the compound formulas so that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the arrow.

28
Q

Synthesis Reactions

A

Synthesis reactions occur when two chemicals combine to form one larger chemical.

29
Q

Decomposition Reactions

A

Decomposition reactions occur when one chemical breaks up to form two or more smaller chemicals.

30
Q

Combustion Reactions

A

If you’ve got something organic reacting

with oxygen to form carbon dioxide gas and water vapor that’s a combustion reaction.

31
Q

Single Displacement Reactions

A

Single displacement reactions occur when the atoms of a pure element replace those of an element in a
chemical compound.

32
Q

Double Displacement Reactions

A

If the cations of two ionic compounds switch places that”s a double displacement reaction.

33
Q

Acid-Base Reactions

A

Acid-base reactions are just double displacement reactions in which water is formed.

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