Chemistry 1A - Products From Rocks Flashcards
What are the vertical columns called on the periodic table?
Groups
Name and describe all the parts of an atom.
Nucleus - in the centre of the atom
Protons - positively charged, found in the nucleus
Neutrons - no charge, found in the nucleus
Electrons - move around the nucleus and are negatively charged. They occupy shells around the nucleus.
What is made when atoms are chemically joined together?
A compound.
What is limestone mainly made of?
Calcium carbonate
What happens when limestone is heated? And whats the equation?
It thermally decomposes.
Calcium carbonate –> calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
CaCo3(s) –> CaO(s) + CO2(g)
What elements decompose in the same way as limestone?
Magnesium, copper, zinc, sodium carbonates.
What is the equation for when calcium carbonate reacts with sulfuric acid?
Calcium carbonate + sulfuric acid –> calcium sulfate + carbon dioxie + water
CaCO3 + H2SO4 –> CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
What is produced when calcium oxide reacts with water? And how can it be used?
Calcium hydroxide. It is an alkali which can be used to neutralise acidic soil in fields and can also be used to test for CO2. If you make a solution of calcium hydroxide and water (limewater) and bubble it through a solution, the solutions will go cloudy if CO2 is present. The cloudiness is due to the formation of calcium carbonate.
Name 5 problems quarrying limestone causes.
1) ugly holes in the landscape
2) quarrying explosions produce lots of noise and dust
3) destroys lots of animal habitats
4) transport of limestone using big lorries produces lots of noise and pollution
5) waste materials produce unsightly tips
Name 5 benefits of limestone.
1) produces things people want - houses, roads, dyes, paints and medicines
2) acidity in lakes, rivers and soil can be neutralised by limestone products
3) it is used in power station chimneys to neutralise sulfur dioxide
4) quarrying provides jobs
5) once quarrying is complete, landscaping and restoration is usually required
What is a metal ore?
A rock which contains enough metal to make extraction worthwhile.
How can a metal be extracted from an ore?
By reduction or electrolysis.
What happens when an ore is reduced?
Oxygen is removed
What metals can be extracted from ores using electrolysis and what metals can be extracted from ores using reduction?
Metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series have to be extracted using electrolysis and metals below carbon in the reactivity series can be extracted by reduction using carbon.
This is because carbon can only take oxygen away from metals which are less reactive than carbon itself.
What is the definition of electrolysis?
Splitting up with electricity
Name the 2 new methods of extracting copper.
Bioleaching - it uses bacteria to extract copper from copper sulfide. The bacteria get energy from the bond between copper and sulfur, separating out the copper from the ore in the process. The leachate (the solution produced by the process) contains copper, which are extracted by filtering.
Phytomining - growing plants in soil that contains copper. The plants cant use or get rid of the copper, so it just builds up in the leaves. The plants are harvested, dried and burned in a furnace, copper is collected from the ash.
Name 6 reasons why recycling metal is important:
1) mining metals takes a lot of energy
2) fossil fuels are running out, so its important to conserve them
3) recycling metals use a lot less energy than extracting metals
4) saves money
5) there’s a finite amount of metal on Earth, so recycling them conserves resources
6) reduces landfill
Name the basic properties of metals
Strong, malluable, conduct heat, conduct electricity
Name the properties of copper
- good conductor of electricity (good for wires)
- hard, strong
- can also be bent
- doesn’t react with water
Name the properties of aluminium:
- corrosion resistant
- low density
- not strong, but forms strong alloys
Name the properties of titanium:
- light weight
- low density
- very strong
- corrosion resistant
What metal is used for hip replacements, and why?
Titanium because its light weight and doesn’t corrode
What is an alloy?
A mixture of different metals which are more suited to particular uses
Name 3 types of steels and their proterties/uses:
Low carbon steel: easily shaped, car bodies
High carbon steel: very hard and inflexible, blades and bridges
Stainless steel: corrosion-resistant, cutlery and containers of corrosive substances
