Chemistry Flashcards
Atom
Small building blocks that make up all matter
Elements
Made up of one type of atom
Monoatomic Elements
Made of a single atom
Molecular Elements
Multiple atoms of the same type
Lattice
Atoms form a grid-like structure
Metals
Elements that are:
> Lustrous- Shine when polished
> Malleable- Can be hammered/ squashed to form other shapes.
> Ductile-Can be stretched into long thin wires
> Conductors of heat and electricity- Allows electricity and heat to pass through
Non-metal
Elements that are:
> Poor conductors of heat & electricity- Thermal & Electric Insulators
> Dull- They have little or no shine
> Brittle- Solid non-metals tend to crumble into powders
Metalloid
A little in between non-metals and metals.
They are:
Semiconductors- Can conduct electricity under certain conditions
Compounds
A substance made up of different types of atoms
Molecular compound
Two or more atoms of different elements
> Non-metals only
Lattice compound
Grid - like structure
> Metals and Non-metals
Subatomic Particles- The structure of a atom
Neutrons- Neutral Charge
Protons- Positive Charge
Electrons- Negative Charge
What does the atomic number equal?
Atomic number= number of protons
Mass number
Protons + Neutrons
what are Electrons the same number as?
Same as the number of protons
Number of Neutrons
mass number - Number of protons
Electron configuration- Rule 2.8.8
Only 2 electrons in first shell, 8 in next two.
VALENCE ELECTRONS
Electrons on the outermost shell
The group number an element is in is the same as…
the number of valence electrons in the element.
The period number a element is in is the same as…
the number of shells in the element.
Ions
When a neutral atoms loses or gains electrons resulting in a overall positive or negative charge.
Explain how an Ion occurs
When a neutral atom gains or loses electrons, the number of protons stays the same, therefore the balance between the charges is lost, which results in a overall + or - charge
Negative Ions…
gain electrons
Postive Ions…
lose electrons
