Chemistry Flashcards
Properties of Matter/Phase changes
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
Mass
The amount of matter an object has
Physical property
Quality of condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition
Solid
Matter that has a definite shape and volume. Almost incompressible.
Liquid
A form of matter that flows, has a fixe3d volume, and takes the shape of its container. Almost incompressible but they expand when heated.
Gas
A form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container
Vapor
The gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature
Physical Change
A change that alters a given material without changing its composition.
Mixture
A physical blend of two or more substances
Heterogeneous mixture
A mixture that is not uniform in composition.
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture that has a completely uniform composition.
Solutions
Gases, solids, or liquids that are homogeneous mixtures.
Phase
Any part of a system with uniform composition and properties.
Distillation
A liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed again to a liquid.
Elements
The simplest forms of matter that can exist under normal laboratory conditions. They cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
Compounds
Substances that can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical means.
Chemical Symbol
One or two letters that represent an element.
Chemical Reaction
A change where one or more substances change into new substances.
Reactants
The starting substances.
Products
The substances formed.
Chemical Property
The ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction and to form new substances. Burn, rot, rust, decompose, ferment, explode, and corrode.
Law of Conservation of Mass
In any physical change or chemical reactoin, mass is neither created nor destroyed; it is conserved.
freezing
a liquid becoming a solid due to a loss of energy; also known as solidifying
melting
a solid becoming a liquid due to an increase of energy
condensation
a gas becoming a liquid due to a decrease in energy
vaporization
a liquid becoming a gas due to an increase of energy; could be evaporation or boiling
ionization
a gas becoming electrically charged plasma due to an increase in energy
recombination
a plasma becoming a non-charged gas due to a loss of energy; also called deionization
sublimation
a change of state from a solid to a gas, bypassing the liquid state, due to an increase of energy; example: dry ice
deposition
a change of state from a gas to a solid, bypassing the liquid state, due to a loss of energy; example: snow or frost
Ions
atoms with positive and negative chart
How many elements is periodic table made up of?
118 elements
Nucleus
contains protons
proton
a positively charged atomic molecule
neutron
an atomic particle with no electric charge
electron
a negatively charged atomic particle
isotopes
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same numbers of protons and electrons
atomic mass
the sums of the masses of protons and neutrons in one atom of an element
nonmetal
any element or substance that is not normal
metal
a substance that is a good conductor of electricity and heat, forms cations by loss of electrons, and yields basic oxides and hydroxides
anion
a negatively charged ion
cation
a positively charged ion
ionic bond
the bond between two oppositely charged ions
compound
a substance made of two or more elements
covalent bond
a chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms
