Chemistry Flashcards
To learn chem and not die
What is a chemical reaction?
A process in which substances interact, causing different substances with different properties to form.
What are some factors that affect the rate of chemical reaction?
- Temperature - up temp, up rate of reaction
- Concentration - up concentration, up rate of reaction
- Surface area - up surface area, up rate of reaction
- Addition of a catalyst - add a catalyst, up rate of reaction
- Type of particle - the simpler the type of reactant, the faster the rate of reaction
Identify the coefficients in the following chemical reaction:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
What is a coefficient?
In a balanced chemical equation, a positive number that is placed in front of a formula to show the relative number of particles of the substance that are involved in the reaction
What is the formula for a synthesis reaction?
A + B = AB
Complete the synthesis reaction:
Metal + non-metal → ?
Metal + non-metal → ionic compound
Example: Mg + Br2 → MgBr2
Complete the synthesis reaction:
? + ?→ ionic compound
Metal + non-metal → ionic compound
Example: Mg + Br2 → MgBr2
Complete the synthesis reaction:
metal chlorides + oxygen → ?
metal chlorides + oxygen → metal chlorate
Example: LiCl + O2 → LiCLO2
Complete the synthesis reaction:
? + ? → metal chlorate
metal chlorides + oxygen → metal chlorate
Example: LiCl + O2 → LiCLO2
Complete the synthesis reaction:
metal carbonate + water + carbon dioxide → ?
metal carbonate + water + carbon dioxide → metal bicarbonate
Example: LiCO3 + H2O + CO2 → LiHCO3
Complete the synthesis reaction: ?+?+? → metal bicarbonate
metal carbonate + water + carbon dioxide → metal bicarbonate
Bicarbonate is also written as HCO3^-
Example: LiCO3 + H2O + CO2 → LiHCO3
Complete the synthesis reaction: metal oxide + carbon dioxide → ?
metal oxide + carbon dioxide → metal carbonate
Li2 + CO2 → Li2CO3
Complete the synthesis reaction: ? + ? → metal carbonate
metal oxide + carbon dioxide → metal carbonate
Example: Li2 + CO2 → Li2CO3
Complete the synthesis reaction: metal oxide + water →
metal oxide + water → metal hydroxide
Example: BeO + H2O → Be(OH)2
Complete the synthesis reaction: ? + ? → metal hydroxide
metal oxide + water → metal hydroxide
Example: BeO + H2O → Be(OH)2
Complete the synthesis reaction: non-metal oxide + water → ?
non-metal oxide + water → acid
Example: SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
Complete the synthesis reaction: ? + ? → acid
non-metal oxide + water → acid
Example: SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
What are the 3 types of synthesis reactions?
1 two elements forming a binary compound
H2 + O2 → H2O
2 an element and a compound forming a new compound
3 two compounds forming a new compound
What is a decomposition reaction?
A chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into elements or simpler compounds
What is the formula for a decompositiom reaction?
AB = A + B
What is the one type of decomposition reaction that is not a reverse of a synthesis reaction?
Metal bicarbonate → carbon dioxide + water + metal carbonate
Example: Mg(HCO3) → CO2 + H2O + MgCO3
What is electrolysis?
A process that uses electrical energy to cause a chemical reaction
What is a combustion reaction?
The reaction of a compound or element with oxygen.
What does a blue flame indicate in a combustion reaction?
A blue flame indicates that complete combustion is occurring
What does a yellow flame indicate in a combustion reaction?
A yellow flame indicates that an incomplete combustion reaction is taking place.
Complete the following combustion reaction:
Metal + oxygen gas → ?
Metal + oxygen gas → metal oxide
Fe + O2 → Fe2O2
Complete the following combustion reaction:
? + ? → metal oxide
Metal + oxygen gas → metal oxide
In what case is a combustion reaction considered a “complete combustion reaction”?
If it occurs in the presense of sufficient oxygen
What is the formula for a complete combustion reaction?
Hydrocarbon (g or 𝓁) + oxygen gas → carbon dioxide gas + water vapour
Example: C2H6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
In what case is a combustion reaction considered an “incomplete combustion reaction”?
If it occurs in the absense of sufficient oxygen
What is the formula for a incomplete combustion reaction?
Hydrocarbon + oxygen(g) → carbon dioxide(g) + water(g) + carbon(s) + carbon monoxide(g)
C4H10 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + C + CO
Is the following formula for a complete or incomplete combustion reaction?
Hydrocarbon (g or 𝓁) + oxygen gas → carbon dioxide gas + water vapour
Complete
Is the following formula for a complete or incomplete combustion reaction?
Hydrocarbon + oxygen(g) → carbon dioxide(g) + water(g) + carbon(s) + carbon monoxide(g)
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound that is composed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen (CxHy)
What is soot?
Fine particles consisting mostly of carbon, formed during the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon
What are single displacement reactions?
a chemical reaction in which one element in a compound is replaced (displaced) by another element
What are the two formulas for single displacement reactions?
metal displaces another metal
A + BX → AX + B
Non-metal displaces another non-metal
AX + Y → AY + X
What is the formula for when a metal displaces a metal in a single displacement reaction?
A + BX → AX + B
What is the formula for when a nonmetal displaces a nonmetal in a single displacement reaction?
AX + Y → AY + X
