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Triple Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Electrolysis is the process of using an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction.

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2
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

An electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water or melted.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of an electrolyte in electrolysis?

A

The electrolyte allows ions to move freely and complete the circuit, enabling the flow of electricity.

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4
Q

What is an anode in electrolysis?

A

The anode is the positively charged electrode where oxidation occurs during electrolysis.

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5
Q

What is a cathode in electrolysis?

A

The cathode is the negatively charged electrode where reduction occurs during electrolysis.

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6
Q

What is Faraday’s law of electrolysis?

A

Faraday’s law states that the amount of substance produced at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the cell.

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7
Q

What is the unit of charge used in electrolysis calculations?

A

The unit of charge used is the Coulomb (C).

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8
Q

What is the formula to calculate the amount of substance produced during electrolysis?

A

Amount of substance = (Current x Time) / (2 x Faraday’s constant x Charge of ion)

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9
Q

True or False: Electrolysis is a spontaneous process.

A

False

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10
Q

What is the purpose of a salt bridge in electrolysis?

A

A salt bridge maintains electrical neutrality in the electrolyte solutions by allowing ions to move between the two half-cells.

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11
Q

What is the role of electrons in electrolysis?

A

Electrons flow through the external circuit, providing the electric current necessary for the chemical reactions to occur at the electrodes.

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12
Q

What is the standard electrode potential of hydrogen in electrolysis?

A

0.00 V

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13
Q

What is the purpose of an inert electrode in electrolysis?

A

An inert electrode does not participate in the reaction but serves as a surface for the desired reaction to occur.

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14
Q

What is the half-reaction at the anode during the electrolysis of water?

A

2H2O(l) -> O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e-

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15
Q

What is the half-reaction at the cathode during the electrolysis of water?

A

2H2O(l) + 2e- -> H2(g) + 2OH-(aq)

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a diaphragm in electrolysis?

A

A diaphragm separates the two half-cells to prevent the mixing of products and maintain the integrity of the electrolysis process.

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17
Q

What is the process of electroplating?

A

Electroplating is the process of coating a metal object with a thin layer of another metal using electrolysis.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of electrorefining in electrolysis?

A

Electrorefining is used to purify metals through the electrolysis of impure metal electrodes.

19
Q

What is the standard electrode potential of copper in electrolysis?

A

0.34 V

20
Q

What is the standard electrode potential of silver in electrolysis?

A

0.80 V

21
Q

What is the standard electrode potential of zinc in electrolysis?

A

-0.76 V

22
Q

What is the standard electrode potential of iron in electrolysis?

A

-0.44 V

23
Q

What is the purpose of electroplating with silver?

A

Electroplating with silver is used to provide a decorative finish, prevent corrosion, and improve electrical conductivity.

24
Q

What is the purpose of electroplating with copper?

A

Electroplating with copper is used to provide a decorative finish, improve conductivity, and protect against corrosion.

25
Q

What is the purpose of electroplating with chromium?

A

Electroplating with chromium is used to provide a hard, durable, and corrosion-resistant surface.

26
Q

What is the standard electrode potential of gold in electrolysis?

A

1.50 V

27
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in industry?

A

Electrolysis is used in industry for metal extraction, electroplating, and the production of chemicals like chlorine and sodium hydroxide.

28
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in medicine?

A

Electrolysis is used in medicine for hair removal, treatment of skin conditions, and the sterilization of equipment.

29
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in wastewater treatment?

A

Electrolysis is used in wastewater treatment to remove pollutants, disinfect water, and break down organic compounds.

30
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in metallurgy?

A

Electrolysis is used in metallurgy for refining metals, extracting ores, and producing alloys.

31
Q

What is the environmental impact of electrolysis?

A

The environmental impact of electrolysis depends on the source of electricity used, with renewable energy sources having a lower environmental impact compared to fossil fuels.

32
Q

What is the role of hydrogen in electrolysis?

A

Hydrogen is often produced as a byproduct of electrolysis and has various industrial applications, such as in fuel cells and ammonia production.

33
Q

What is the role of oxygen in electrolysis?

A

Oxygen is often produced as a byproduct of electrolysis and has various industrial applications, such as in water treatment and medical oxygen.

34
Q

What is the role of chlorine in electrolysis?

A

Chlorine is often produced as a byproduct of electrolysis and has various industrial applications, such as in PVC production and water treatment.

35
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in the production of sodium hydroxide?

A

Electrolysis is used in the production of sodium hydroxide through the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution).

36
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in the production of chlorine?

A

Electrolysis is used in the production of chlorine through the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution).

37
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in the production of hydrogen gas?

A

Electrolysis is used in the production of hydrogen gas by electrolyzing water.

38
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in the production of oxygen gas?

A

Electrolysis is used in the production of oxygen gas by electrolyzing water.

39
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in the production of aluminum?

A

Electrolysis is used in the production of aluminum through the electrolysis of alumina (aluminum oxide).

40
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in the production of titanium?

A

Electrolysis is used in the production of titanium through the electrolysis of titanium dioxide.

41
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in the production of copper?

A

Electrolysis is used in the production of copper through the electrolysis of copper sulfate solution.

42
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in the production of zinc?

A

Electrolysis is used in the production of zinc through the electrolysis of zinc sulfate solution.

43
Q

What is the purpose of electrolysis in the production of nickel?

A

Electrolysis is used in the production of nickel through the electrolysis of nickel chloride solution.

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