Chemistry

Question 1

Most stable atoms

Answer 1

Noble gases

Question 2

Ionic Bond

Answer 2

String electro static forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 3

What to atoms do to become more stable?

Answer 3

Lose or gain electrons

Question 4

Group and how many they will lose

Answer 4

Group 1 -LOSE 1
G2-LOSE 2
G3-LOSE 3
G5-GAIN 3
G6-GAIN 2
G7-GAIN 1

Question 5

Positively charged ion

Answer 5

Cations

Question 6

negatively charged ions

Answer 6

anions

Question 7

Charge if loses or gains

Answer 7

LOSE 1= 1+
LOSE 2= 2+
LOSE 3= 3+
GAIN 3= 3-
GAIN 2= 2-
GAIN 1= 1-

Question 8

How are ionic bonds formed

Answer 8

when two elements transfer electrons

Question 9

Ion

Answer 9

atom or group of atoms with electrical charge
charged particle

Question 10

Giant ionic lattice

Answer 10

Billions + Billions of ions in a regular arrangement(rows and columns)
forms crystals

Question 11

ionic compound contains..

Answer 11

ions

Question 12

Why is a lot of energy needed to break ionic bonds

Answer 12

the electrostatic force of attractions of charged ions are strong needing a lot of energy to break/overcome

Question 13

Why do ionic compound have have high mp + bp ?

Answer 13

have strong bonds needing lots of energy =why they must be heated temps so the giant ionic lattice is broken

Question 14

Why do some ions need more energy than others

Answer 14

Have more than one charge needing more energy

Question 15

Do ionic compound conduct electricity?

Answer 15

when they are molten or dissolved in water
DON’T CONDUCT ELECTRICITY IN SOLID STATE

Question 16

Why can they only conduct in molten state

Answer 16

Able to move freely unlike in solids where they can only vibrate
so they cat carry electrical charge

Question 17

Covalent bonds

Answer 17

Between non metals and non metals

Question 18

Ionic bonding

Answer 18

Metals + non-metals

Question 19

What happens in Covalent bonding

Answer 19

Cant transfer electrons in non-metals so they share

Question 20

How is covalent bonding formed

Answer 20

Between non-metals
electrons shared between two atoms
covalent bonds between molecules are strong
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive nucleus and negative electrons

Question 21

Bonds

Answer 21

1 electron between 2 atoms-single bond
2 pairs of electrons-double
3 pairs of electrons-triple

Question 22

Molecular compounds

Answer 22

some compounds exist as molecules-distinct groups of atoms joined together
covalent, simple molecular structures
e.g H2O

Question 23

MP + BP of molecular compounds

Answer 23

Covalent bonds are strong forces of attraction
HOWEVER
also have weak forces of attraction between molecules(INTERMOLECULAR FORCES)

LOW MP + MP

Question 24

Do molecular compoun?ds conduct electricity

Answer 24

Simple molecules have no overall charge (no mobile charge) + cant carry electrical current
electrons cant flow

Question 25

Monomers

Answer 25

small SIMPLE molecules that can be joined in a chain to form a polymer

Question 26

polyethene

Answer 26

ethene monomer molecules(gas a room temp)join to form polyethene,solid at room temp (stronger attractions)

Question 27

Polymers

Answer 27

Long polymers have more weak intermolecular forces longer chains get tangled up so they have high MP + BP

Question 28

Allotropes

Answer 28

same type of atom but different structures

Question 29

4 allotropes of carbon

Answer 29

fullerens graphene diamond graphite

Question 30

Fullerenes

Answer 30

simple molecules each carbon covalently bonded to 3 other carbons E.G buckministerfullerene that has 60 carbon atoms forming C60 weak intermolecular forces makes them soft + slippery delocalised electrons cant move freely bcz its molecular

Question 31

Graphene

Answer 31

NOT simple molecule no fixed formula each atom covalently bonded to 3 other carbons covalent bonds make extremely strong+ is light carry charge bcz of delocalised electrons that can move freely transfering energy

Question 32

Diamond

Answer 32

Giant molecular structures hard + high mp + bp useful in cutting tools +jewellery Doesn't conduct electricity insoluble in water Every carbon bonded to 4 other carbons with stong covalent bonds

Question 33

Graphite

Answer 33

Carbon atoms in layers slippery component of many lubricants + pencil lead insoluble in water high mp + bp good conductor of electricity each carbon bonded to 3 carbons =free electron(delocalised)

Question 34

metallic structure

Answer 34

atoms same size + packed close together forming giant lattice structure outer shell electrons become delocalised leaving giant ionic lattice of + metals with 'sea'of delocalised electrons.

Question 35

Metallic bonding

Answer 35

electrostatic attractions between + metal ions and - delocalised electrons strong so have high mp + bp

Question 36

Why are metals malleable

Answer 36

The layers of ions slide over each other and delocalised electrons hold the positive ions together so metal changes shape instead of breaking

Question 37

conductivity in metals

Answer 37

Conductivity increases with the charge higher the charge stonger the bond and electrical conductivity

Question 38

Hydroxide Carbonate Sulfate Nitrate Ammonium Phosphate

Answer 38

OH- CO32- SO42- NO3- NH4+ PO43-

Question 39

Ionic covalent metallic

Answer 39

metal +non-metal>giant non-metal+non-metal>giant/simple metal atoms>giant