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ACCESS TO SCIENCE > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is polarity?

A

Polarity refers to the distribution of electric charge across a chemical bond between two atoms

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2
Q

What are intramolecular forces?

A

Bonds that form within a molecule

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3
Q

What are intermolecular forces?

A

Bonds formed between molecules

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4
Q

What type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

A

Covalent bonding

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: In an ionic bond, electrons are ______ between atoms.

A

transferred

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6
Q

What type of bond forms between a metal and a nonmetal?

A

Ionic bond

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7
Q

What type of bond forms between a nonmetal and a nonmetal?

A

Covalent bond

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8
Q

What is a co-ordinate bond?

A

A covalent bond in which both of the shared pair of electrons come from 1 of the atoms

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9
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

A weak electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom such as:

  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Fluorine
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10
Q

What is the primary force holding water molecules together?

A

Hydrogen bonding

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11
Q

What is the shape of a water molecule due to its polarity?

A

Bent shape

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12
Q

What determines the strength of a covalent bond?

A

The number of shared electrons

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13
Q

What type of bond is formed between two atoms with similar electronegativities?

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

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14
Q

What type of bond is formed between atoms with an electronegativity difference of 0.4 - 1.9

A

Polar covalent bond

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15
Q

What type of bond is formed between atoms with an electronegativity difference of >2

A

Likely ionic

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16
Q

What is a dipole?

A

a molecule or bond with opposite charges at its ends

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17
Q

What is the VSEPR theory used for?

A

Predicting the shape of molecules based on the repulsion of electron pairs.

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18
Q

What does VSEPR theory stand for?

A

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

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19
Q

What is the bond angle in a water molecule?

A

104.5 degrees

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20
Q

What Van der Waals?

A

A temporary attractive force that results from the movement of electrons in molecules.

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21
Q

What type of forces are responsible for the surface tension of water?

A

Hydrogen bonding

22
Q

What is a van der Waals force?

A

Weak intermolecular forces between atoms or molecules.

23
Q

What is the strongest type of intermolecular force?

A

Hydrogen bonding

24
Q

What is a metallic bond?

A

A bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and delocalized electrons.

25
Q

What is the structure of a diamond?

A

A giant covalent structure where each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four others in a tetrahedral arrangement.

26
Q

What is the shape of a methane molecule?

A

Tetrahedral

27
Q

What type of bond is present in a nitrogen molecule (N2)?

A

Triple covalent bond

28
Q

What is the shape of a carbon dioxide molecule?

A

Linear

29
Q

What is the bond angle in a carbon dioxide molecule?

A

180 degrees

30
Q

What is the structure of a graphite crystal?

A

Layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice.

31
Q

When do ions form?

A

When atoms gain or lose electrons by electron transfer

32
Q

What do the electrons in a covalent bond have?

A

Opposite spins

33
Q

What are cations

A

positive ions

34
Q

What are anions

A

negative ions

35
Q

What causes the ionic bond during ionic bonding?

A

The electrostatic force of attraction between 2 ions of opposite charge

36
Q

What does a single covalent bond contain?

A

Two electrons, one from each atom, shared between them with opposite spins

37
Q

What does a double covalent bond contain?

A

four electrons, two from each atom

38
Q

What’s the name for the electrons not used in bonding?

A

Lone electrons

39
Q

Why is nitrogen an unreactive gas?

A

It has strong triple covalent bonds

40
Q

What is added to crisp packets and why?

A

Nitrogen, as it’s an Unreactive gas due to its strong triple covalent bond

41
Q

What is an atom which has an empty orbital?

A

Electron deficient

42
Q

Give 3 examples of coordinate bonds forming

A

-between ammonia + boron trifluoride
-hydrated proton (H30+)
-ammonia ion (NH4+)

43
Q

Which element can expand its octet rule during ionic bonding and what to?

A

P, to 10 electrons in the outer shell

44
Q

What occurs between ions of the same charge?

A

Repulsion

45
Q

What IS a covalent bond?

A

Attractive force between the positive nuclei and the negative charge cloud of the shared electron pair

46
Q

Which shape has a bond angle of 180 degrees?

A

Linear

47
Q

Which shape has a bond angle of 120 degrees degrees?

A

Trigonal Planar

48
Q

Which shape has a bond angle of 109.5 degrees?

A

Tetrahedral

49
Q

Which shape has a bond angle of 120 degrees + 90 degrees?

A

Trigonal Bipyramidal

50
Q

Which shape has a bond angle of 90 degrees?

A

Octahedral

51
Q

What is the bond angle of a molecule with 2 lone pairs?

A

104.5 degrees

52
Q

What is the bond angle of a molecule with 1 lone pair?

A

107 degrees

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