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Grade 12 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

The study of composition,
structure, and properties of
matter, the changes which
matter undergoes as well as
the laws and principles
governing this changes.

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

Study of carbon-containing substances
Carbon and hydrogen compounds –
hydrocarbon.

Organic substances - proteins, carbohydrates, fats,
petroleum and coal, animal meat, dairy products, fruits,
and vegetable

A

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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3
Q

Chemical
product used
in agriculture
Insecticides,
herbicides,
and
fungicides.

A

Agrochemical – agrichemical

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4
Q

Study of substances that do not
have carbon as its elemental
components.
Applications: catalysts,
pigments, coatings, surfactants,
medicines, fuels, and more

A

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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5
Q

• Substance that
speeds up a
chemical reaction,
or lowers the
temperature or
pressure needed
to start one
• It is not consumed
during the
reaction

A

CATALYSTS

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6
Q

Water-and oil-insoluble
natural and synthetic
products that impart color
to materials such as paper
and plastics.

A

Pigments

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7
Q

Water- soluble
colorants

A

Dyes

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8
Q

Studies the structure, energy, and
transformation of substances from
one state of matter to another.

Applications: materials science;
pharmaceutical industry;
environmental science; energy
sector; nanotechnology

A

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

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9
Q

• Study of chemical processes of and
relating to living organisms.
- processes that occurs in tissues, organs
and the whole living organism.

Application:
• field of medicine - disease processes and to
find cures
• agriculture - discover ways to improve crop
cultivation, storage and pest control.

A

BIOCHEMISTRY

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10
Q

biochemical changes and
related physiological
alteration in the body
during infection / disease.
• Symptoms described by
the patient - a clue on the
biochemical changes and
the associated disorders.

A

Biochemistry

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11
Q

• Deals with methods to identify and
measure physical properties of substances.

a. Qualitative test – color reactions, odor,
reactivity but do not determine its amounts.
b. Quantitative test – employ instrumentation
methods to determine components,
concentrations, purities of substances.
Applications: forensics, medicine, science &
engineering

A

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

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12
Q

• Forensic Chemistry is the
application
of chemistry and its sub-
field, forensic toxicology, in
a legal setting.
• A forensic chemist can
assist in the identification
of unknown materials
found at a crime scene.

A

Forensic Chemistry

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13
Q

• Medicine is
the field of
health and
healing.
• It aims to
promote and
maintain health
and well being.

A

Medical Science

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14
Q

– specializations
aligned with STEM
Strand
Involves inventions,
discoveries, innovations,
structural
improvements,
information technology
devices and other
aspects of the vast world
we live in.

A

SCIENCE &
ENGINEERING

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15
Q

Is involved in both
the natural world and the man-
made world. It’s the link between
all of the physical and life
sciences. That’s why it’s called
“the central science”.

A

Chemestry

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16
Q

improve health care system from
new drugs and patient-care products
• Examples: antipyretics, analgesics,
antibiotics, antibacterial drugs,
anticancer drugs, vaccines

A

Medicine and Pharmaceuticals

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17
Q

from anti- ‘against’ and pyretic
(‘feverish’) is a substance that reduces fever.
Example: ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen,
aspirin, acetaminophen,

A

antipyretic

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18
Q

are medicines that are used to relieve pain
without putting you to sleep. They are also known as
painkillers or pain relievers.
Example: Tylenol

A

Analgesics

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19
Q

an analgesic and antipyretic drug and a
common painkiller used to treat aches and pain. It can
also be used to reduce high temperature.
Example: Biogesic

A

Paracetamol

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20
Q

pain reliever for
headache, dental pain, menstrual
cramps, muscle aches, or arthritis.

___________is a Nonsteroidal Anti-
inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
Examples: Advil; Medicol Advance;
ALAXAN
– ibuprofen + paracetamol

A

Ibuprofen

21
Q

A _______ is a biological preparation that
provides active acquired immunity to a
particular infectious disease.
• A _______ - contains an agent that
resembles a disease-causing
microorganism and is often made
from weakened or killed forms of the
microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface
proteins.

A

Vaccine

22
Q

involves the
calculation of a desirability quotient
(DQ).
• determination of the effects of science
and technology
• determination on how and when
benefits outweigh risks

A

Risk – Benefit Analysis

23
Q

is anything that
occupies space and has mass.

A

Matter

24
Q

is a form of matter
that has a definite composition and
distinct properties

A

Substance

25
Q

• Gas-like, made of
atoms that have been
ripped apart into ions
and electrons.
• Sun is made of plasma
• Plasmas are usually
very hot

A

Plasma

26
Q

Developed by Satyendra Nath Bose
and Albert Einstein in the early
1920s
• State of matter formed when a gas is
cooled to temperatures very close to
absolute zero (T = 0 K).
• Also Known As:
SUPERFLUID

A

Bose–Einstein condensate

27
Q

An ________ is a substance that cannot be
separated into simpler substances by ordinary
chemical means.

A

Element

28
Q

A _________ is a substance composed of
atoms of two or more elements chemically united
in fixed proportions.
_________ can only be separated into their
pure components (elements) by chemical
means.

A

Compound

29
Q

A combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities.

A

Mixture

30
Q

Can be observed and measured without changing chemical identity of matter

A

Physical properties

31
Q

One or more substances form a new substance

A

Chemical change

32
Q

Properties that do not depend
on the amount of matter in a
substance.

A

Intensive Properties

33
Q

Properties that depend on the
amount of matter in a
substance

A

Extensive Properties

34
Q

separates the components of a
mixture by their distinctive attraction to the mobile
phase and the stationary phase.

A

Chromatography

35
Q

• Solid particles in
a liquid are
removed by the
use of a filter
medium.
• Filtrate – liquid
• Residue - solid
• Uses: coffee; tea;
water; sand
filtration; automotive
filters; dialysis

A

Filtration

36
Q

Removal of solvent from
the solution by boiling
the liquid and
withdrawing the vapor,
leaving a concentrated
product.
• Uses: drying and ironing
of clothes; drying of wet
floors; drying of nail
polish remover;
preparation of common
salt; drying of wet hair

A

Evaporation

37
Q

• Salt harvesting
• Crystallization of honey and
sugar
• Formation of natural crystals
• Kidney stone
• Desalination of water

A

Crystalization

38
Q

• Separate solvent from
a solution or in a
mixture of two
different liquids with
different boiling
points using heat.
• Uses: separation of
water from salt solution;
alcohol manufacturing;
perfume manufacturing;
pharmaceutical industry

A

Simple Distillation

39
Q

Crude oil contains
molecules of many different
shapes and sizes.
• Using fractional distillation,
we can separate different
components to get more
useful products, such as
petrol, jet fuel and bitumen,
which is the thick, tarry
substance that is used to
make roads.
• Fractional distillation is
carried out at oil refineries

A

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

40
Q

Sublimation is the
conversion
between the solid
and the gaseous
phases of matter,
without passing the
liquid stage.

A

Sublimation

41
Q

This method involves the separation of
magnetic substances from non-
magnetic substances by means of a
magnet.

A

Magnetization or Magnetic
Attraction

42
Q

is a physical science, one that
depends heavily on measurementto obtain
quantitative data

A

•Chemistry

43
Q

is the determination of
dimensions, capacity, quantity, or extent of
something.

A

Measurementis

44
Q

Is a systematic mathematical method using conversion factors to move from one unit of measurement to another

A

Dimensional analysis (DA)

45
Q

A generic medicinal product is defined as a medicinal product
that has:
• the same composition - qualitative and quantitative, in active
substance(s) as the original, the reference medicinal product
(typically brand-name products),
• the same pharmaceutical form – e.g. tablet, syrup, inhaler,
etc. as the reference medicinal product and
•has been shown to interact with the body in a similar manner
to the reference medicinal product.
•Chemically, there is no difference between the
original branded medicine and the generic
medicine.
•As with all medicines, generics must comply with
appropriate regulatory approval processes
assessing and ensuring quality, safety, and
efficacy.
•Approved generics are regulated in the same way
that original medicines are regulated.

A

Generic Medicine

46
Q

The Six “Rights”
• The six rights of medication administration contribute to accurate
preparation and administration of medication doses

A
  1. Right medication
  2. Right dose
  3. Right patient
  4. Right route
  5. Right time
  6. Right documentation
47
Q

•The amount of the drug to be administered at a
single time.
• Its unit of measurement must be the same as the dosage unit.

A

Desired Dose

48
Q

•The amount of drug contained within a dosage unit
of medication.

A

Dose on hand

Grade 12 (4 decks)

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