Chemistry Flashcards
Definition of matter?
Matter is any substance that has:
- mass, and
- takes up space (volume)
What are the 5 States of matter?
l. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
- Plasma
5.?
What are the 5 States of matter?
l. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
- Plasma
5.?
4 properties of a solid
-has a fixed shape
- cannot be squashed
-cannot flow
- particles cannot move, but can vibrate on the spot
4 properties of a solid
-has a fixed shape
- cannot be squashed
-cannot flow
- particles cannot move, but can vibrate on the spot
3 properties of a liquid
-no fixed shape -takes the shape of the container.
-cannot be squashed (compressed)
- can flow
3 properties of a gas
- No fixed shaper takes the shape of the container
-can be squashed (Compressed)
-can flow
3 properties of a gas
- No fixed shaper takes the shape of the container
-can be squashed (Compressed)
-can flow
Does a gas have weight?
Yes!
Remember the 2 balloons suspended from the ruler
What are atoms?
Atoms are the particles all matter is made from.
Can atoms be seen with the human eye?
No atoms cannot be seen with the human eye.
Atoms are far too small even to be seen with a normal microscope.
What is the particle model used to explain?
The properties of solids, liquids, and gases
In the particle model, atoms are thought of as ______________,______________,_______________ balls.
Small, hard, spherical balls
In the particle model, atoms are thought of as ______________,______________,_______________ balls.
Small, hard, spherical balls
In the particle model each ball has ______________, and moves according to how much ___________ it has.
Energy
In the particle model each ball has ______________, and moves according to how much ___________ it has.
Energy
If a particle has lots of energy it will move about________________.
A lot
If a particle has lots of energy it will move about________________.
A lot
How can energy be added to matter?
By adding heat
What happens to the particles when heat is added?
Heat causes particles to move about more, and faster.
What happens to particles if a substance is cooled?
The particles move about less and move more slowly.
What happens to particles if a substance is cooled?
The particles move about less and move more slowly.
The 4 assumptions of the particle model:
- All substances are made up of __________, _____________ particles that are too small to ___________.
- The particles always have ____________ and are ________________
- The particles. more about more and move faster as the temperature is ________________
- Particles are _____________ to each other. The ____________ the particles are to one another, the ____________the attraction between them
- All substances are made up of ________tiny__, __hard___________ particles that are too small to __see_________.
- The particles always have __energy__________ and are ___moving_____________
- The particles. more about more and move faster as the temperature is __increased______________
- Particles are ____attracted (drawn)_________ to each other. The __closer__________ the particles are to one another, the __stronger__________the attraction between them
How does the particle model explain how solids have a defined shape (they do not flow)
The particles in solids are strongly bonded to their neighbours, fixing their positions
How does the particle model explain how solids have a defined shape (they do not flow)
The particles in solids are strongly bonded to their neighbours, fixing their positions
How does the particle model explain that solids are incompressible ?
The particles in a solid cannot be pushed closer to each other becausethey are so closely packed that there is almost no space between them.
How does the particle model explain that solids are incompressible ?
The particles in a solid cannot be pushed closer to each other becausethey are so closely packed that there is almost no space between them.
How does the particle model explain that solids expand when heated and contract when cooled ?
Heating causes the particles in a solid to vibrate faster making them spread further apart and causing the solid to expand.
Cooling slows down the vibrations and the opposite happens.
How are the particles packed in solids?
Closely, in fixed positions.
How are the particles packed in solids?
Closely, in fixed positions.
What are the forces between neighbouring particles called that hold all the particles in a solid closely together?
Bonds
The particles in a solid have __________ and___________ on the spot.
Energy and vibrate on the spot
Draw the particles in a solid using the particle model
Particles in a solid are closely packed together an jiggle about on the spot
How are the particles in a liquid bonded in comparison to a solid?
The particles in a liquid are still packed closely together but are far more loosely bonded
What does the loose bonding of the particles in a liquid allow?
The loose bonding allows the particlesto move about and over each other, allowing the liquid to flow, drip and fill the bottom of whatever contained it is in.
What happens to the particles of a liquid as it is heated?
The movement of the particles about an over each other gets faster
Use the particle model to explain that liquids flow to take the shape of the bottom of the container
Bonds are strong but loose enough to allow the particles in liquids to slip over one another
Use the particle model to explain that liquids flow to take the shape of the bottom of the container
Bonds are strong but loose enough to allow the particles in liquids to slip over one another
Use the particle model to explain that liquids expand when heated and contract when cooled
Heating causes the particles in a liquidto move over each other faster making them spread further apart and causing the liquid to expand.
Cooling slows down this movement and the opposite happens
Use the particle model to explain that liquids expand when heated and contract when cooled
Heating causes the particles in a liquidto move over each other faster making them spread further apart and causing the liquid to expand.
Cooling slows down this movement and the opposite happens
Use the particle model to explain how liquids are incompressible
The particles in a liquid cannot be pushed closer to each other because they are so closely packed that there is almost no space between them
Use the particle model to explain how liquids are incompressible
The particles in a liquid cannot be pushed closer to each other because they are so closely packed that there is almost no space between them
Do gas particles have bonds?
No
Gases have nothing holding their particles together
Do gas particles have bonds?
No
Gases have nothing holding their particles together
How does the lack of bonds allow the gas particles to travel?
-Randomly in straight lines and
- a long way apart
-They only change direction when they hit the walls of the container they are in.
How does the lack of bonds allow the gas particles to travel?
-Randomly in straight lines and
- a long way apart
-They only change direction when they hit the walls of the container they are in.
Use the particle model to explain gases are often invisible
Particles in a gas are spread so far apart that you cannot see the gas
Use the particle model to explain gases are often invisible
Particles in a gas are spread so far apart that you cannot see the gas
Use the particle model to explain gases can be compressed
Particles in a gas are spread so far that there is plenty of vacant space between them.
This space allows the particles to be pushed closer together.
Use the particle model to explain gases can be compressed
Particles in a gas are spread so far that there is plenty of vacant space between them.
This space allows the particles to be pushed closer together.
Use the particle model to explain gases spread to all their container
There are no bonds between gas particles and so they are able to move unrestricted by other particles.
They travel until they hit the walls of the container.
Use the particle model to explain gases expand when heated and contract when cooled.
Heating causes the particles in a gas to more faster, making them spread further apart and causing the gas to expand.
Cooling slaws down this movement and the opposite happens.
Use the particle model to explain gases expand when heated and contract when cooled.
Heating causes the particles in a gas to more faster, making them spread further apart and causing the gas to expand.
Cooling slaws down this movement and the opposite happens.
What causes atoms to move constantly?
Atoms always have energy!
What temperature is absolute zero?
Absolute zero = - 273°C
What happens at absolute zero?
As a solid is cooled, energy is removed from its particles making them vibrate less and less.
Eventually they have no energy at all and all vibrations stop.
The particles can’t more any slower and so absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature.
At a of absolute zero there is no motion and no heat.
