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Exam 9 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is Chemistry?

A
  • studies matter, its properties composition and structure
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2
Q

What is Matter?

A
  • is anything that has mass and occupies space
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3
Q

What is Analytical Chemistry?

A
  • obtaining, processing, and communicating information about the composition of matter
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4
Q

Ano ang Biochemistry?

A
  • chemical processes related to biotic organisms
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5
Q

What is Inorganic Chemistry?

A
  • studying the compounds not containing carbon and hydrogen
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6
Q

What is Organic Chemistry?

A
  • studying the carbon-containing and hydrogen-containing compounds
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7
Q

What is Industrial Chemistry?

A
  • uses chemical and physical processes to transform raw materials into products that are beneficial to mankind
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8
Q

What is Industrial Chemistry?

A
  • uses chemical and physical processes to transform raw materials into products that are beneficial to mankind
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9
Q

What is Nuclear Chemistry?

A
  • deals with nuclear reactions
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10
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A
  1. Solid
  2. Liquid
  3. Gases
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11
Q

What is a Solid?

A
  • definite shape and volume
  • tightly packed molecules
  • compressible
  • least amount of kinetic energy
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12
Q

What is a Liquid?

A
  • constant volume
  • takes the shape of its container
  • almost distantly packed molecules
  • incompressible
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13
Q

What is a Gas?

A
  • expandable
  • fills the entire volume of its container
  • gas molecules are far apart
  • compressible
  • most kinetic energy
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14
Q

What are the changing states of matter?

A
  1. Melting
  2. Freezing
  3. Evaporation
  4. Condensation
  5. Deposition
  6. Sublimation
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15
Q

What is melting?

A
  • Solid to Liquid
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16
Q

What is freezing?

A
  • Liquid to Solid
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17
Q

What is Evaporation?

A
  • Liquid to Gas
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18
Q

What is Condensation?

A
  • Gas to Liquid
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19
Q

What is Deposition?

A
  • Gas to Solid
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20
Q

What is Sublimation?

A
  • Solid to Gas
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21
Q

What are the two properties of matter?

A
  1. Physical
  2. Chemical
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22
Q

What is a physical property?

A
  • retains the identity of a substance
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23
Q

What are the two types of physical properties?

A
  1. Intrinsic
  2. Extrinsic
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24
Q

What is a intrinsic physical property?

A
  • remains the same when the amount of matter changes
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25
Q

What is an extrinsic property?

A
  • changes when the amount of matter changes
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26
Q

What is a chemical property?

A
  • transforms the type of substance
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27
Q

What are the Mixtures of Matter?

A
  1. Hetorogenous Mixtures
  2. Homogenous Mixtures
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28
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A
  • its components are distinguishable from one another
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29
Q

What is are the two types of heterogeneous mixtures?

A
  1. Colloids
  2. Suspensions
30
Q

What is a colloid?

A
  • a finely divided substance which is scattered throughout another substance
31
Q

What is a suspension?

A
  • are mixtures containing particles that settle out if left undisturbed
  • solid does not dissolve in liquid
32
Q

What is a Homogenous Mixture?

A
  • has a constant composition throughout
  • its components are indistinguishable
33
Q

What is a pure substance?

A
  • substances that are made up of only one kind of particle and have a fixed or constant structure
34
Q

What are the pure substances of matter?

A
  1. Elements
  2. Compounds
35
Q

What is an element?

A
  • cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
  • basic unit of matter
36
Q

**

What is a compound?

A
  • made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically
  • can be chemically separated
37
Q

What is the Law of Definite Proportions?

A
  • in a compound, the elemental components are in a fixed ratio
  • mass of a compound = sum of the elements’ masses that make up the compound
  • if the ratio changes = compound is an entirely different compound.
38
Q

What are the different ways to separate a mixture?

A
  1. Flitration
  2. Distillation
  3. Chromatography
  4. Magnetism
  5. Evaporation
39
Q

What is filteration?

A
  • used to separate a solid from a insoluble liquid
  • usually uses a filter paper, a funnel, and a beaker.
40
Q

What is Distillation?

A
  • a liquid is heated to create a vapor, then condensed back into a liquid again to separate two liquids. It usually uses a Bunsen burner and a condenser.
41
Q

What is Chromatography?

A
  • separates the components of a mixture in a medium based on the ability of each component to travel or to be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate
42
Q

What is Magnetism?

A
  • uses a magnet to attract magnetic substances and separate them from non-magnetic substances
43
Q

What is Evaporation?

A
  • separates a solid from a soluble solvent
44
Q

What is Scientific Notation?

A
  • way of writing very small/large numbers. It is multiplied by to raised to a power
45
Q

How do you add and subtract in scientific notation?

A
  1. Rewrite the number to have the same power of 10
  2. Add/Subtract the numbers. Maintain the power of 10
  3. Rewrite in SN
46
Q

How do you multiply in scientific notation?

A
  • multiply the numbers and add the powers.
47
Q

How do you divide in scientific notation?

A
  • divide the coefficients, then subtract the exponents
48
Q

What are significant figures?

A
  • numbers in a measurement that contribute to the degree of precision of the value
49
Q

What are the rules of significant figures?

A
  1. Non-zero numbers are always significant.
  2. All final zeroes to the right of the decimal are significant.
  3. Any zero between significant figures is significant.
  4. Placeholder zeros are insignificant. (placeholder zeros = scientific notation)
  5. Counting numbers and defined constants have an infinite number of significant figures.
50
Q

How do you add and subtract significant figures?

A
  • add/subtract
  • identify the number with the least decimal places
  • round the answer off to ^, make sure they have the same number of decimal places
51
Q

How do you multiply and divide significant figures?

A
  • multiply or divide
  • identify the number with the lowest number of significant figure
  • use that number to round off the final answer
52
Q

Who contributed to the Atomic Theory?

A
  1. Democratus
  2. John Dalton
  3. Joseph John Thomas
  4. Ernest Rutherford
  5. Neils Bohr
  6. Erwin Schrodinger
53
Q

Who is Democratus?

A
  • derived the term “atom”, from atomos.
  • “Matter is made up of small, indivisible particles”.
  • Aristotle’s theory was more popular than his
54
Q

Who is John Dalton?

A
  • Solid Sphere Model
  • was able to back up Democratus’ claims, though not all his findings were accurate
55
Q

Who is Joseph John Thomas?

A
  • Plum-Pudding Model (using the cathode ray tube experiments)
  • discovered electrons
56
Q

Who is Ernest Rutherford?

A
  • Nuclear Model
  • able to discover the nucleus through the Gold foil experiment
57
Q

Who is Neils Bohr?

A
  • Planetary Model
  • said that electrons are fixed orbits
58
Q

Who is Erwin Schrodinger?

A
  • Quantum Mechanical Model
59
Q

What are the parts of an atom?

A
  1. Atomic Number
  2. Atomic Charge
  3. Atomic Mass
  4. Neutrons
  5. Electrons
60
Q

What is the Atomic Number?

A
  • represented through “Z”
  • number of protons
61
Q

What are Protons?

A
  • has a charge of 1+
  • in the nucleus
62
Q

What is the Atomic Charge?

A
  • represented through “Q”
  • the difference between the charges of protons and electrons
63
Q

What is the Atomic Mass?

A
  • represented through “A”
  • the amount of protons and neutrons
64
Q

What are Neutrons?

A
  • represented through “N”
  • in the nucleus
  • charge is 0
65
Q

What is are Electrons?

A
  • represented through “E”
  • orbiting around the nucleus
  • charge of 1-
66
Q

What are the types of subatomic particles?

A
  1. Protons
  2. Neutrons
  3. Electrons
67
Q

What are Isotopes?

A
  • atoms of the same element but with different quantities of neutrons
  • different atomic masses
68
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO MOST IMPORTANT FORMULAS?

A

A = Z + N
Q = Z - E

69
Q

What is the formula for density?

A

D = mass/volume

70
Q

What is the formula for percent yield?

A

Yield = actual mass/new mass x100

Exam 9 (2 decks)

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