Chemistry Flashcards
What is an atom?
The smallest subdivisions of matter that retain physical and chemical characteristics of the elements are known as atoms.
What is the structure of an atom?
The amtom is made up of a nucleus or protons and neurons, and electrons.
What charge is:
a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Electron
a) Positive
b) Neutral
c) Negative
What is the atomic number
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
What is an ion?
An atom with too few or too many electrons in its outer shell, therefore having a charge.
What is a cation?
An ion with a positive charge.
What is an anion?
An ion with a negative charge.
What are the two main types of bonding?
- Covalent
- Ionic
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding is where atoms share electrons of their outer shell.
What is ionic bonding?
Bonding in which an atom donates one or more electrons from its outer shell to another atom which needs them.
How is the valency of an ion determined?
By how many bonds it can form with other atoms.
One bond = monovalent
two bonds = divalent
three bonds = trivalent
What is a rock?
Made up of one or more mineral.
What is isomorphism (and give an example)
The replacement of one element in a mineral by another that has approximately the same size and valency as the one it replaces. The mineral has the same form and crystal strucute.
E.g. Olivine
Forsterite – Fayalite
Replacement of Mg and Fe.
What is polymorphism?
(and give an example)
Where minerals that have the same chemical composition but differ in crystal systems and physical properties.
E.g. Diamond and Graphite - Carbon
What is the Chemical Formula of Corundum?
Al2O3
