Chemistry Flashcards
Chemical properties
- Combustion takes place (quick reaction with oxygen that produces heat and light)
- Bubbles of gas are released
- Reaction with acid, water, or oxygen
- If heat is absorbed during the reaction (endothermic reaction)
- If heat is emitted during the reaction (exothermic reaction)
- If light is emitted during the reaction
- If a precipitate (solid) forms in a liquid
- New colour
- New odour
- Irreversible
Chemical Change
Results in the formation of a new substance or substances (a baked cookie)
Physical Change
A change in state, shape, and form. No new substances are produced (ice melting)
Metals vs non-metals
Element that is malleable and ductile and conducts electricity and heat
Vs.
Elements that are grouped together mainly because they do not resemble metals. (Carbon)
Density Grasp Calculations
Look at Notes
Chemical names/formulas - Molecular
Formula —> Name: 1) name the metal ion first using the elemental name and add a prefix 2) name the non-metal, change the ending of the name with an ide (if polyatomic, do not change) and add a prefix 3) name the ionic compound by combining the ion names
E.g: N3Cl4 —> trinitrogen tetrachloride
Prefixes: mono (1), di (2), tri (3), tetra (4), penta (5), hexa (6), hepta (7), octa (8), nona (9), deca (10)
Name —> Formula: 1) Write out the element symbols then if the prefixes above are before the element name, you have to put a number after the element name; eg. dinitrogen hexoxide —> N2O6
Chemical names/formulas - Ionic
Formula —> Name: 1) Name the Metal ion first using the elemental name 2) name the non-metal, change the ending of the name with an ide (if polyatomic, do not change) 3) name the ionic compound by combining the ion names
Name —> Formula: identify the symbols and their charge, then complete the crisscross method
Crisscross method
1) write the symbols for the element 2) write the charge of each ion above its symbol
3) bring over the first element charge to the other side, and vice-versa
Ex: 2 1 1 2
CaCl - CaCl - CaCl - CaCl2
Multivalent metals (I, II, III, IV, V)
-copper, lead, iron, or tin always contain a Roman numeral written after the first metal in the compound
-you can determine which roman numeral to use by using the subscript attached to the metal element in the compound
Example:
CrCl3 —> Chromium (III) chloride
To be 100% of the roman numeral, you need to do the reverse crisscross method
E.g:
PbS2 —> Pb2S - Pb(2x2)S(1x2) —> Pb4S2 —> Lead (IV) Sulphide
E.g:
FeO —> Fe(1x2)O(1x2) —> Fe2O2 —> Iron (II) Oxide (multiply by 2 here because Oxygens charge is 2, the formula was simplified.
Particle Theory
S- All particles have spaces between them
P- All matter is composed of very tiny objects called particles
A- All particle’s Attract each other
M- All Particles are in constant motion
Alkali metals (chemical family)
-low melting point
-react easily with water and air
-very soft
-shiny silvery metals
-extremely reactive (most violent with water)
-combine easily with other elements to form compounds
Alkaline earth metals (chemical family)
-shiny, silvery metals
-non soluble
Metalloids (chemical family)
Element with metallic and non metallic properties (silicon)
Halogens (chemical family)
-non-metals
-very reactive
-noticeable colour
-growing in intensity
-reactivity increases up the group -very poisonous
Noble gases (chemical family)
-elements that glow if an electric current is passed through them
-none of these gases are chemically reactive
-rarely form chemical compounds with other elements.
-do not react with anything
-group 8/18
