Chemistry Flashcards
Name the first 20 elements and their symbols
Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li), Berylilium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Neon (Ne), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Argon (Ar), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca)
What are the 2 most reactive groups
Alkali Metals, Halogens. Reactivity generally moves top to bottom with top being less reactive and bottom being more. This is because lower shells have more electrons so it’s easier to gain or lose them
Name the following elements from their symbols
- I
- Rn
- Au
- Br
- Ti
- Cu
- Pb
- Ni
- Iodine
- Radon
- Gold
- Bromine
- Titanium
- Copper
- Lead
- Nickel
Elements are seperated into three categories which are
Metal, Metalloids, Non-metals
Chemical compounds are divided into types, they are
Ionic, Molecular
Name everything you can about Ionic Compounds
- Have at least 1 metal
- Disassociate in water
- Have ionic bonds (use magnetic forces to keep together)
- Conduct electricity when dissolved in water
- Have higher melting/ boiling points.
What are cations and anions
Cations are atoms with positive charges, anions are atoms with negative charges
Name all you can about molecular compounds
- Made exclusively from non-metals
- Share electrons
- Have covalent bonds which are crazy strong
- Some are soluable in water but not all
- Don’t disassociate in water
- Don’t conduct electricity
- Lower melting/ boiling points in general
How do you name ionic compounds?
- Write entire name of first element
- Change non-metal component ending to “ide”
eg. NaCl: Sodium Chloride
How do you name a molecular compound
- Write entire name of the first element
- Add a prefix to it to denote the amount, if there’s only 1 skip this step.
- Change last element’s ending to ide and add a prefix to show the amount of atoms
eg. C02: Carbon Dioxide
Prefixes
- Mono: 1
- Di: 2
- Tri: 3
- Tetra: 4
- Penta: 5
- Hexa: 6
- Hepta: 7
- Octa: 8
- Nona: 9
- Deca: 10
Oxygen is often representative of ___ in equations
HEAT!
What’s an exothermic reaction
Reactions that exert heat
What’s an endothermic reaction
Reactions that absorb heat
What’s a reactant
The substances that react with eachother in a chemical equation
What’s a product
The substances created from a chemical equation
How do you find the amount of Protons and Electrons in an atom
Both are equal to the atomic number
How do you find the amount of neutrons in an atom
Atomic mass - Atomic number. If the atomic mass is a decimal (which it probably is) round up.
What’s the Law of Conservation of Mass (or more commonly, The Law of Equivalent Exchange!!!!)
What goes into an equation comes out just in different forms. If you put in 3 oxygen 3 oxygen will come out, but maybe they’re H20s instead
What effects reaction rate
- Temperature (The hotter it is the faster the reaction)
- Concentration
- Surface area
What’s a catalyst
Something that speeds up a reaction but is not consumed in the process
What’s an inhibitor
Something that slows down a reaction
