Chemistry Flashcards
What are atoms?
- Atoms are tiny particles that make up elements.
- An atom consist of a central nucleus (contains protons and neutrons) surrounded by shells of orbiting electrons.
Charge, Mass and Location of particles: proton
neutron
electron
Particle Charge Mass Location
Proton +1 1 Nucleus
Neutron 0 1 Nucleus
Electron -1 0 Shell
What order are elements arranged on the periodic table?
In order of increasing atomic number
Mapping the periodic table:
metals are on…
non-metals are on…
semi-metals are on…
Metals > right hand side
Non-metals > left hand side
Semi-metals >in between
What are groups?
The columns that go up and down (vertically)
They contain families of elements with similar properties
What is the group number?
Number of electrons in the outer shell
What are periods?
The rows that go horizontally across.
They show repeating trends in physical and chemical properties, known as periodicity.
What is the mass number (top number)?
The number of protons plus neutrons
What is the atomic number (bottom number)?
The number of protons or electrons
What charge is atoms?
Neutral as they contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.
When does an atoms become an ion?
When it loses or gains an electron
What is an ion?
A charged particle and they have a charge of 1+, 2+, 1-, 2-
What are isotopes?
Different forms of the same element. They have the same atomic number but have a different mass number as they contain different numbers of neutrons.
Example of isotopes e.g., Cl 35 and Cl 37
(protons and electrons are the same as the atomic number)
(neutrons = mass number - atomic number)
Isotope Protons Neutrons Electrons
35
Cl 17 18 17
17
37
Cl 17 20 17
17
Electronic Configuration:
