Chemistry

Question 1

Precipitation

Answer 1

The process of forming a solid product from aqueous reactants

Question 2

Dissolution

Answer 2

The process of forming aqueous products from solid reactants

Question 3

Solubility Product, Ksp

Answer 3

The equilibrium constant for solubility equilibria

Question 4

Qsp > Ksp

Answer 4

The reaction proceeds in the reverse direction and precipitation will occur

Question 5

Qsp < Ksp

Answer 5

The reaction proceeds in the forward direction and the solution is not saturated

Question 6

Selective Precipitation

Answer 6

A technique used to separate ions in an aqueous solution by using a reactant that precipitates one or more of the ions while leaving other ions in the solution

Question 7

Common Ion Effect

Answer 7

An effect that suppresses the ionization of a weak base by adding more of an ion that is a product of the equilibrium. Uses Le Chatelier’s Principle

Question 8

An increase in one’s ion concentration…

Answer 8

…must be balanced by a proportional decrease in the other.

Question 9

Coordinate Covalent (Dative) Bond

Answer 9

occurs when one of the atoms in a covalent bond provides both bonding electrons.

Question 10

Lewis acid-base chemistry

Answer 10

Reactions involving the formation of coordinate covalent bonds

Question 11

Lewis Acid

Answer 11

The species accepting the electron pair (usually positive)

Question 12

Lewis Base

Answer 12

The species donating the electron pair forming the covalent bond (usually negative)

Question 13

Lewis Acid-Base Adduct

Answer 13

Product(s) of a lewis acid and base

Question 14

Formation constant, Kf

Answer 14

Equilibrium constant for the reaction of a metal ion with one or more ligands to form a coordination complex in the forward direction (products/ reactants)

Question 15

Dissociation Constant, Kd

Answer 15

equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction/ decomposition of the complex ion

Question 16

Molar Solubility

Answer 16

Number of moles of a substance to make 1 L of saturated solution

Question 17

Galvanic Cell

Answer 17

a combination of a reductive and an oxidation half reaction and the components necessary to exchange electrons and counterions

Question 18

anode

Answer 18

where oxidation occurs (lose e-) Ex. Cu(s) -> Cu2+(aq) + 2e-

Question 19

cathode

Answer 19

Where reduction occurs (gain e-) Ex. Ag+(aq) + e- -> Ag(s)

Question 20

Salt bridge

Answer 20

allows for flow of counterions to maintain charge balance, has electrolytes

Question 21

Wire

Answer 21

connects electrodes to allow for exchange of e-, measures current

Question 22

Eº(cell)

Answer 22

Determines spontaneity of a redox process and the amount of free energy available to do electrical work and is recorded at STP

Question 23

For a redox reaction to be spontaneous, the reductive half raction must have a _______ than the oxidative half reaction

Answer 23

higher Eº

Question 24

Electrochemical reactions that are ____________ are galvanic cells

Answer 24

spontaneous

Question 25

Electrochemical reactions that are ____________ are electrolytic cells

Answer 25

nonspontaneous

Question 26

Electrolysis

Answer 26

The use of an external circuit that can provide energy to drive the reaction