Chemistry Flashcards
Avogadro’s number of C70
21
8.6 x 10
Buckminister fullerene
A fullerene with formula C60 with a cage-like structure made of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons
Why is a diamond so strong
The 4 valence electrons of each carbon atom in the formation of very strong covalent bonds
How does graphite link to carbon
In graphite the individual carbon atoms link up to form sheets of carbon atoms
Boiling point of group 7
Increases as goes down the group
Why trend in group 7 boiling point increases as goes down the group
The atoms increase in size, as they gain extra electron shells and the intermolecular forces become stronger
Molar ratio
The ratio between the amount of moles of any 2 compounds involved in a balanced chemical reaction
How to work out molar mass
Moles of one reactant
__________________________
Moles of other reactant
Diagram for aluminum
2 inner shell
8 second shell
3 outer shell
Diatomic molecule
Molecules composed of only 2 atoms of the same or different chemical elements
Ionic lattice
A regular arrangement of ions not randomely arranged
Properties of diamond
Hard
Good conductors of heat and electricity
High melting and boiling points
Structure of diamond
Giant covalent structure
Each carbon atom is joined to 4 other carbon aroms by covalent bonds
Carbons have regular lattice
Structure of graphite
Giant covalent structure
Each carbon atom is joined to 3 other carbon atoms by covalent bonds
Carbon atoms form layers with a hexagonal arrangement of atoms, layers have weak forces
Structure of graphene
A single layer of carbon atoms tightly bound in a hexagonal lattice
Properties of graphene
Tough
High melting and boiling points
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Properties of graphite
Good heat and electrical conductors
High melting and boiling points
Soft
Uses of graphite
Pencils
Batteries
Lamps
Uses of graphene
Energy storage
Biological engineering
Optical electronics
Explain why chlorine (Cl2) is a gas at room temperature, but sodium chloride (NaCl)
is a solid at room temperature
There are weak attractions between molecules of Cl2 so little energy is needed to break these forces of attraction
How electricity flows through metal
These conduction electrons can serve as charge carriers carrying a current
