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Science 20s > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

A covalent bond is where electrons are shared. They occur between non-metal and other non-metal elements.

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2
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

Ionic bonds are where electrons are traded causing charges. This occurs between metal and non-metal elements.

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3
Q

How do you draw ionic bonds?

A

Show the transfer of electrons, as well as putting your answer in brackets and giving them a charge

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4
Q

What are the two types of charges an ion can have?

A

If an ion is charged positively, it is a cation
If an ion is negatively charged it is an anion

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5
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is an atom that has a charge. This is caused by the atom losing or gaining electrons.

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6
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

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7
Q

What is valencey

A

A number that refers to the number of bonds an atom can form. The number of electrons an atom must gain or lose to achieve a full valence shell.

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8
Q

What is the name of group 1

A

Alkaline metals

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9
Q

What is the name of group 2

A

Alkaline earth metals

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10
Q

What is the name of group 18

A

Noble gasses

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11
Q

What is the name of group 17

A

Halogens

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12
Q

What is the name of group 16

A

Chalcogens

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13
Q

What do all group 1 elements and water produce during their reaction

A

All group one metals produce metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas when reacting with water

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14
Q

What do all group one and 17 elements produce when they react

A

They form salts

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15
Q

How do you name an ionic compound

A

The first element (metal) remains the same
The second element (non-metal), changes its suffix to ide

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16
Q

What are the diatomic molecules

A

HOFBrINCl

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17
Q

How do you name covalent compounds

A

Keep the name of the first element the same
Convert the second element to its ide name
And then use the correct prefix for both elements that correlates to the amount of atoms that are in the equation

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18
Q

What is the formula of ammonia

A

NH3

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19
Q

What is the formula of butane

A

C4H10

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20
Q

What is the formula for methane

A

CH4

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21
Q

What is electronegativity

A

The tendency of an atom to attract other atom’s electrons.

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22
Q

What is a non-polar covalent bond

A

The electrons are being directly shared between the two atoms. The electronegativity of the two atoms is equal

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23
Q

What is a polar covalent bond

A

The electronegativity of the one atom is greater than the other, meaning the electron is being pulled closer to the one atom than the other.

24
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass

A

Matter cannot be destroyed. It can only change its form. When goes into a reaction must come out of the reaction.

25
Q

What is a synthesis reaction

A

Reactants come together to form a single product

26
Q

What is decomposition

A

A single reactant is broken down into what originally made it up.

27
Q

What is a single displacement

A

One element in a compound switches places with another element.

28
Q

What is double displacement

A

Both reactants swap ions with each other meaning there are no line reactants

29
Q

What are combustion reactions

A

Hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to form CO2 and water. This reaction releases a lot of heat energy

30
Q

What are acids

A

Acids are compounds that donate hydrogen ions to other compounds (usually start or end its formula with H)

31
Q

Sulphuric acid formula

A

H2SO4

32
Q

Ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

33
Q

What are bases

A

Bases are compounds that accept hydrogen ions. Compounds ending in OH are basic

34
Q

If a piece of blue litmus paper is put into a solution and it turn red is the solution basic or acidic

A

If the litmus paper turns red it is acidic

35
Q

If litmus paper turns blue after being dipped in a solution it is ——-

A

Basic

36
Q

How do you measure ph?

A

You use a ph meter or paper (tester). The colour it changes will allow you to determine its ph.
Ph of 7 is basic
Less than 7 is acidic
More than 7 is basic

37
Q

What is an indicator

A

A chemical that changes colour based on the ph of the solution
Purple is basic
Green is neutral
Red is acidic

38
Q

What is HF

A

Hydrofluoric acid

39
Q

What is HCl

A

Hydrochloric acid

40
Q

What is HBr

A

Hydrobromic acid

41
Q

What is HI

A

Hydroiodic acid

42
Q

What is H2SO4

A

Sulphuric acid

43
Q

What is H2CO3

A

Carbonic acid

44
Q

What is NaOH

A

Sodium hydroxide

45
Q

What is LiOH

A

Lithium hydroxide

46
Q

What is Ca(OH)2

A

Calcium hydroxide

47
Q

What is Mg(OH)2

A

Magnesium hydroxide

48
Q

What do acids and bases produce when reacting

A

A salt and water

49
Q

What is air pollution

A

Is the pollution of the air through natural or man made processes, that release chemicals into the air

50
Q

What processes pollute the air

A

Burning of fossil fuels
Volcanoes produce toxic gas
Wildfires produce smoke
Burning of garbage produces dangerous chemicals

51
Q

What is ground level ozone

A

Ground level ozone is a common pollutant in major cities, due to the large amounts of vehicle emissions

52
Q

How does the ozone form?

A

Ozone is created by the production of primary pollutants that speed up the process by which ozone is produced. These primary pollutants are NOx’s

53
Q

What are NOx’s and how are they created

A

NOx’s are oxides of nitrogen, we focus on NO and NO2. The heat released through combustion reactions causes nitrogen in the air and oxygen to bond, creating NOx’s.

54
Q

How do NOx’s produce ozone

A

In the presence of sunlight and the suns energy a molecule of NO2 absorbs the suns energy and splits into NO and O. This O is then able to react with an O2 to form ozone. The leftover NO from the first part of the reaction is then able to bond with the ozone to produce NO2 and O2

55
Q

The impacts of ozone

A

Coughing,throat irritation
Reduced lung function
Aggregated asthma
Causes lung tissue inflammation
More susceptible to lung infections

56
Q

Acid rain

A

NO2 in the air reacts with water vapour to produce acids

57
Q

Layers within the atmosphere

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere

Science 20s (1 decks)

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