Chemistry Flashcards
What is an element?
A chemical substance that is made up of ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of matter
Where is a proton found?
What’s its charge?
Nucleus
Positive (+)
What’s a neutron found?
What’s its charge?
Nucleus
Neutral
Where’s the electron found?
It’s charge?
Orbiting around the nucleus in different energy levels
Negative
Where’s the atomic #?
12«<
Mg
24.305
Where the chemical symbol?
12
Mg«<
24.305
Where the atomic mass?
12
Mg
24.305«<
How do you determine the number of protons?
of Protons = atomic #
What’s the mass number (atomic mass) of an element? (Explain what makes up the mass of an atom)
The number of PROTONS + NEUTRONS in an atom
How do you determine the number of neutrons?
Mass number - atomic # =
OR
(Protons +neutrons) - protons =
What does it mean when an atom is electrically neutral?
Neutron
What does it mean to be electrically positive?
Proton
What does it mean to be electrically negative?
Electron
Positive or negative?
P: 3
N: 3
E: 4
1-
Pos or Neg:
P:17
N: 19
E: 16
1+
Pos or Neg:
P: 13
N: 14
E: 12
What does a Lewis dot structure show?
It shows only the valence electrons in an atom
What’s a Bohr model?
Shows an atom and it’s components
What kind of trick do you use to determine the # of valence electrons in an atom?
protons = # electrons
How do atoms become ions?
It loses or gains one or more electrons
Why do atoms become ions?
Atoms become more stable with a full valence shell of electrons (usually 8 electrons). Since these atoms are losing or gaining electrons, they give themselves a positive or negative charge as a result anSince these atoms are losing or gaining electrons, they give themselves a positive or negative charge as a result and become ions.
Name 2 similarities between atoms and ions.
Name 2 difference between atoms and ions.
An ion is an atom and contains massive particles, protons and neutrons . However, ions have a specific charge, which is to say that they have different numbers of protons and electrons. An atom with no charge (neutral) has the same # of p as of e.
What charge does an atom have if it loses electrons?
The atom becomes positive
Because it is losing one or more negative charges.
(Now has more protons than electrons)
