Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter

A

Anything that has mass or takes up space

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2
Q

What are physical properties

A

Characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical identity

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3
Q

What is the melting point

A

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state

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4
Q

What is boiling point

A

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gaseous state

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5
Q

What is malleability

A

Describes how easily a substance can be hammered or bent into different shapes

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6
Q

What is hardness

A

Describes the resistance of solid to being scratched or dented

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7
Q

What are 7 physical properties

A

Melting point, boiling point, malleability, hardness, solubility, viscosity, and density

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8
Q

What is a chemical property

A

Ability of matter to react with another substance to form one or more new substances. They can only be observed when a substance chemically interacts with another substance

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9
Q

What are the chemical properties

A

Reactivity with acids, reactivity with oxygen, combustibility, lack of reactivity

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10
Q

What is reactivity with acids

A

How a substance reacts when exposed to other acids eg:baking soda and vinegar produce gas

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11
Q

What is reactivity with oxygen

A

How a substance reacts when exposed to oxygen Eg;avocados turning brown

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12
Q

What is combustibility

A

The ability of a substance to catch fire Eg:wood

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13
Q

What is lack of reactivity

A

Substances that do not react with other substances are “inert” Eg: helium in a balloon

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14
Q

What are physical changes

A

changes in matter that do not change it’s chemical identity Eg:freezing water

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15
Q

What are chemical changes

A

Changes in matter that produce one or more new substances Eg:toasting bread

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16
Q

What is quantitative data

A

Data described with numbers

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17
Q

What is quantitative data

A

Data described in number

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18
Q

What is density

A

Density is the amount of mass for each unit of space it occupies.

19
Q

When fluids that do not mix are put into the same container, what substance floats to the top

A

The less dense substance floats to the top

20
Q

How do u calculate the density

A

Mass/volume

21
Q

What are the states of matter

A

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

22
Q

How do particles behave when they change state

A

-Changes in state occur when matter transforms from one state to another
-when temperature increases particles gain energy and move faster and farther apart
-temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
-once the matter reaches a certain temperature, the particles have gained enough energy to change state
-diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
-solids, liquids, and gasses expand when heated and contract when cooled

23
Q

What is the change of state in: melting

A

Solid to liquid state

24
Q

What is the change of state in; freezing

A

Liquid to solid state

25
Q

What is the change of state in: evaporation/vaporization

A

Liquid to gas state

26
Q

What is the change of state in: Condensation

A

Gas to liquid state

27
Q

What is the change of state in: Deposition

A

Gas to solid state

28
Q

What is the change of state in: Sublimation

A

Solid to gas state

29
Q

What is the KMT

A

The theory that matter is always moving

30
Q

What does the KMT state (4pts)

A

-in a solid, particles are very close together and only vibrate. They attract one another strongly in a rigid structure
-in a liquid, the particles are very close together but can still move. They slip and slide but stay together. They attract each other less strongly than solid
- in a gas, particles are very far apart and move randomly and quickly in straight lines. They do not have attraction to each other
-gas has the most energy, solids have the least

31
Q

What are protons, neutrons, and electrons

A

An atom consists of electron shells and a nucleus
Protons and neutrons exist in the nucleus
Electrons exist in the electron shells

32
Q

What are protons, neutrons and electrons charge, and where can they be found

A

Name, Symbol, electrical charge, location in the atom
Protons, p+, positive, nucleus
Neutrons, n0, neutral, nucleus
E-, negative, electron shell

33
Q

What are atoms

A

Made up of nucleus (protons and neutrons)

34
Q

How many ē can go into each shell

A

1st shell- 2ē
2nd shell- 8ē
3rd shell- 18ē
4th shell- 32ē

35
Q

What is the atomic number

A

How many protons are in the nucleus

36
Q

What is the atomic mass

A

How many protons and neutrons make up the nucleus

37
Q

What way does a group (families) go

A

Horizontally (across)

38
Q

What way does a period go

A

Rows (vertically)

39
Q

Describe the atomic structure

A

Atomic number (what u draw)
Chemical symbol
Element name
Atomic mass

(Atomic mass-atomic number = #of neutrons )

40
Q

What are the different types of groups in the periodic table

A

Group 1: alkali metals
Group 2: alkaline earth metals
Group 17:halogens
Group 18: noble gas

41
Q

What are the three kinds of elements on a periodic table

A

Non-metals
Metals
Metalloids

42
Q

What is a mixture

A

Can be separate with physical changes

43
Q

What are two pure substances. Describe

A

Elements: cannot be broken down by physical or chemical changes
Compounds: can be broken down into one or more elements by physical changes
Eg: h20 is a compound