chemistry Flashcards
reversible reaction
the products react to give back the reactants
le chatelier principle
if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium the equilibrium shifts in the direction that will partially relieve the stress
Haber process
is a reversible reaction where both the reactants and the product are gases
catalyst
is a substance that speeds up a reaction, but is chemically unchanged by the end of the reaction
molecular formula
how many of each type of atom there are in each molecule of the compound
Empirical formula
shows the ratio of atoms in a compound
kc is large (larger than 1)
more products favoured
kc is small (less than 1)
more reactants favoured
strong acid
completely dissociate into the hydronium ion in solution
weak acid
partially dissociate in solution
strong base
fully dissociate to give hydroxide ions in solution e.g sodium hydroxide
weak base
partially dissociate e.g ammonia
strong acids include
HCL, HNO3(nitric), H2SO4(sulfuric), HBr, HI, HCLO4
weak acids include
HF, H3COOH(ACETIC), H3PO4(phosphoric)
strong bases include
LIOH, NAOH, KOH, rbOH(rubidium), CsOH(cesium)
weak bases include
NH3 ammonia
conjugate acids and bases
acid changes into its conjugate base when is donates a proton. a base changes into its conjugate acid when it accepts a proton
conjugate acid & base pair
any pair consisting of a acid and base that differ by one proton
arrhenius acid
substance that when dissolves in water increases the concentration of H+ ions
arrhenius base
substance that when dissolves in water increases concentration of OH- ions
bronsted lowry acid
substance that can donate a proton to another substance
pKa
indicates whether an acid is a strong or weak acid
buffer
solutions that resist ph change upon the addition of a acid or base. they are able to neutralise small amounts of acid or base while maintaining the ph
