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Grade 9 Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are ions?

A

Ions are atoms that have gained or lost valence electrons

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2
Q

What are chemical compounds?

A

2 or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of chemical compounds?

A

Ionic and Molecular

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4
Q

Most ________ want to lose their valence electrons

A

metals

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5
Q

What is one reason that an element would be stable?

A

Because they have a full valence oribital

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6
Q

What is the scientific method parts in order?

A

Purpose, Hypothesis, Variables, Materials, Procedure, Results, Conclusion

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7
Q

What are the two types of observations in the scientific method?

A

Qualitative and Quantitative

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8
Q

What part of the scientific method do you write where the results mean?

A

The conclusion or abstract

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9
Q

Are zeros considered significant figures if they are at the end?

A

Only if they have a decimal at the end or before the zero

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10
Q

Are leading zeros considered signifcant figures?

A

Leading zeros are never significant

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11
Q

What WHMIS symbol can cause birth defects in children and cancer?

A

Health Hazards

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12
Q

What WHMIS symbol can damage the ozone layer?

A

Harmful materials

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13
Q

What WHMIS symbol can cause eye and skin irratation? What about affect the water ways?

A

Harmful Materials, Environmental Hazards

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14
Q

What does WHMIS stand for?
What does HHPS stand for?

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.
Hazardous Household Product Symbols.

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15
Q

What are the three formulas for density?

A

M = V x D, V = M / D, D = M / V

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16
Q

What does GRASP stand for?

A

Given, Required, Analysis, Solution, Paraphrase

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17
Q

What are the five signs of a chemical change?

A
  • Colour change
  • New heat or light
  • Gas is given off
  • Prescipitate
  • Hard to reverse
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18
Q

Why is a chemical change different than a physical change?

A

Physical change: The substance remains the same substance
Chemical change: The original substance is changed into one or more new substances

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19
Q

What are the three parts of a good hypothesis?

A

“If…. Then… Because”

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20
Q

Are these chemical or physical changes? Burning, Boiling, Rusting, Dissolving, Breaking, Melting, State change, Condensing, Reacting.

A

C, P, C, P, P, P, P, P, C.

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21
Q

What are the units for mass, density, and volume?

A

Density = g per cm cubed
Mass = g
Volume = cm cubed

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22
Q

What is the gas test for oxygen?
Carbon dioxide?
Hydrogen?

A

Glowing splint - reliting splint
Limewater - turned cloudy (straw)
Burning splint - small explosion

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23
Q

What are the diatomic elements?

A

Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine

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24
Q

What are the three main classes of elements?

A

Metals, non metals, and metalloids

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25
Q

What element doesn’t belong to any of the classes?

A

Hydrogen

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26
Q

What class of elements have properities in between the two other classes?

A

Metalliods

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27
Q

What class of elements are semi conductors and have weak magnetic properities?

A

Metalloids

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28
Q

Hydrogen has some physical properities similar to ______ _________

A

non metals

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29
Q

What state (s) are non metals at room temperature?
What about metalloids and metals?

A

non metals - solids or gases
metalloids - solids
metals - solids (general)
hydrogen - gas

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30
Q

What class of elements is shiny and not shiny?

A

shiny - metals
not shiny - non metals

31
Q

Are non metals magnetic or conductors?

32
Q

What class of elements are brittle?
What about malleable and ductile?

A

Non metals
Metals

33
Q

Do metals usually react with acids?

34
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

An element name abbreviated

35
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

They are used for compounds and have a combonation of chemical symbols.

36
Q

What are subscripts?

A

The number of atoms of that element are in a molecule of that compound

37
Q

How many electrons can each orbital hold?

A

1st - 2
2nd - 8
3rd - 8

38
Q

What subatomic particles live in the nucleus?

A

Protons and neutrons

39
Q

Can electrons exist between orbitals?

40
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

The electrons on the outer orbital of an atom

41
Q

What are used to represent valence electrons on a lewis diagram?

42
Q

The number of protons _________ ____ _________.

A

Defines the element

43
Q

What charge do atoms have?

44
Q

Neutrons act as the _____ that allows the nucleus to stick together.

45
Q

What are isotopes?

A

A term for the fact that atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons

46
Q

Are protons attract or repel each other?

47
Q

What are the two physical properities that the number of neutrons affect?

A

Mass and Density

48
Q

Name the five scientists that contributed to the history of the atom:

A
  1. John Dalton
  2. J.J Thomson
  3. Ernest Rutherford
  4. Niels Bohr
  5. Erwin Schrodinger
49
Q

What are the models of the atom for each of the following scientists?

A
  1. John Dalton - Solid Sphere Model
  2. J.J Thomson - Plum Pudding / Raisin Bun Model
  3. Ernest Rutherford - Nuclear Model
  4. Niels Bohr - Planetary Model
  5. Erwin Schrodinger - Quantum Model
50
Q

What are John Daltons theories about the atom?

A

That atoms are indivisible, those of the same element are identical, and that compounds are a combonations of different types of atoms.

51
Q

What did J.J Thomson discover?

A

He discovered electrons in the atom in 1897. He created the plum pudding model that shows electrons scattered in a cloud of positive charge.

52
Q

Which scientist did a gold foil experiment? What did this experiment show?

A

Ernest Rutherford. The experiment showed that the atom must be mostly empty space. Some positively charged atoms were repelled by the gold foil meaning that the nucleus had a positive charge.

53
Q

What did Niels Bohr propose?

A

That electrons exist in stable orbitals

54
Q

What is the widely accepted model of the atom? Who proposed this?

A

The Quantum model. Erwin Schrodinger stated that electrons don’t move in set paths around the nucleus but in waves.

55
Q

What are the types of elements involved in Ionic and Molecular compounds?

A

Ionic : Metal and non metal
Molecular : Non metals and non metals (2 or more)

56
Q

Which compound is soluble in water?

A

Ionic Compounds

57
Q

What happens to electrons in compounds?

A

IC: electrons transferred metal to non metal
MC: electrons shared between the atoms

58
Q

What are the structures of IC and MC compounds?

A

IC: crystals / lattice
MC: powder

59
Q

What compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

A

IC: yes
MC: no

60
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance composed of two or more elements that act together as one

61
Q

Who proposed the existance of the nucleus in atoms?

A

Ernest Rutherford

62
Q

Ionic compounds usually have _______ / ________ structures

A

lattice / crystal

63
Q

Molecular compounds usually have ________ structures

64
Q

Ionic compounds have _____ melting and boiling points. Molecular compounds have _____.

A

high , low

65
Q

IC have a ______ ratio, MC __ ____

A

fixed , do not

66
Q

Electrons will naturally fill the ______ ________ ______ before the higher ones.

A

lower energy states

67
Q

orbitals ______ to the nucleus are lower energy states

68
Q

What is the second sign of a chemical change?

A
  1. heat or light is given off
69
Q

Electrons will fall back to their ________ ______ (original orbital) after being in an excited state.

A

Ground state

70
Q

List four properties of Ionic compounds:

A
  • bonding of a metal with a non metal
  • conduct electricity with dissolved in water
  • soluble
  • crystal structure
71
Q

List four properties of Molecular compounds:

A
  • bonding of 2 or more non metals
  • insoluble
  • powder structure
  • low boiling and melting point
72
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory, atoms are considered to be _____ ___________ ________

A

Tiny indivisible spheres

73
Q

What couldn’t Dalton’s model explain?

A

Electricity

Grade 9 Science (2 decks)

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