Chemistry Flashcards
Matter
Something that has mass.
Made from particle in which can be arranged into 3 groups
Solid
When the particles are close together by the strong force of attraction.It is a state of matter that has a fix shape and volume.
Liquid
When particles are still touching but can move around. It changes shape and is hard to squash. It is a state of matter that has a fix volume but not a fixed shape.
Gas
When the particles are far are part with air in between. It can b squash easily and change shape.It is a state of matter that has not fix shape and volume.
State of matter
The matter are arranged in different ways to make 3 states in which are solid, liquid and gas.
Boiling point
When melting solid, the particles vibrate. The hotter it gets the less fern the particles are and eventually it can turn into liquid.
Freezing point
The particles in a liquid slow down as they get colder. Closer the particles get the better it turns into a solid
Evaporation
When the particles in liquid move so much that they start breaking away from each other and move individually. Then some of the liquid turn into gas.
Condensation
When the particles slow down as thermal energy. When they come together they form liquid.
Freezing
When the liquid or gas particles slow down and the colder it gets the tighter the particles stick together.
Melting
When the particles in a solid vibrate till they start moving. The hotter it gets the more until it forms into a liquid
Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of anything generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Sublimation
It is when the solid change into a gas (or from a gas into a solid) without first becoming a liquid.
What are the physical properties of a solid?
Solids hold their shape
What are the physical properties of a liquid?
Liquids take the shape of their container
What are the physical properties of a gas?
Gases fill their container
What are the six changes in states of matter?
Melting
Evaporation
Condensation
Solidification (freezing)
Sublimation
Deposition
Osmosis
Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential
Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to produce ammonium chloride
NH3+HCl⟶NH4Cl (s)
The kinetic theory of matter (particle theory)
All matter is composed of particles
The particles are in constant motion and temperature affects their speed of motion
Particles have empty spaces between them
Particles have forces of attraction between them
Characteristics of solids
Fixed shape
Not Invisible
Particles are closely compact
Less energy
Difficult to be compressed
Characteristics of liquids
Takes the shape of container bottom
Sometimes transparent
More energy than solids (more kinetic energy)
Characteristics of gas
No fixed shape
Usually invisible
Particles are randomly scattered
