Chemistry Flashcards
What is an element?
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down or separated into anything simpler than it already is. Gold and carbon are examples of elements.
What are the two main types of elements and how do they differ?
Metals
- Are hard solids at room temperature
- Shiny
- Malleable (can be hammered or pressed out of shape)
- Ductile (can be drawn into a thin wire)
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-Metals
- Are gases or brittle solids at room temperature
- Not shiny
- Not malleable
- Not ductile
- Not good conductors of heat and electricity
What are chemical symbols?
Each of the elements has a chemical symbol for its name of one or two letters. Examples:
H = hydrogen
C = carbon
Mg = magnesium
K = potassium
Na = sodium
What are the three most common elements in the Human Body?
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
Proton
Electric charge: ______
Location in the atom: _______
Mass: ______
Electric charge: positive
Location in the atom: nucleus
Mass: 1
Neutron
Electric charge: ______
Location in the atom: _______
Mass: ______
Electric charge: Neutral
Location in the atom: Nucleus
Mass: 1
Electron
Electric charge: ______
Location in the atom: _______
Mass: ______
Electric charge: negative
Location in the atom: shells around the nucleus
Mass: ~0
What is an atom?
An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element
What is a nucleus?
The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom
What is a shell?
According to Bohr’s Atomic Model electrons revolve around the nucleus in a specific circular path known as an orbit or called a shell
What organizes the elements according to their physcial and chemical properties?
periodic table
The periodic table is divided into seven horizontal rows called ______ and 18 vertical columns called _____
The periodic table is divided into seven horizontal rows called families or groups and 18 vertical columns called periods
What type of elements appear on the left side of the periodic table?
Metals
Metals are ___ conductors of heat and electricity
Good
______ appear on the right side of the periodic table
Non-Metals
Non-metals are _____ conductors of heat and electricity
Poor
The _____ form a zigzag staircase arrangement on the periodic table.
Metaloids
Metaloid elements have properties similar to both ____ and ____
metals and non-metals
The _______ refers to the number of protons that an atom has in the nucleus
atomic number
The ______ is the weighted average of the masses of the atoms of an element
average atomic mass
The _____ is an electric charge that forms on an atom when it gains or loses electrons
ion charge
The ____ are inert or do not react with other elements
noble gases
The noble gases are on the ____ side of the periodic table
right-hand
The _____ elements are very reactive and are in second column in from the right-hand side of the periodic table
halogens
name of element:
symbol:
atomic number:
average atomic mass:
ion charge:
number of protons:
name of element: Phosphorus
symbol: P
atomic number: 15
average atomic mass: 31
ion charge: 3-
number of protons: 15
name of element:
symbol:
atomic number:
average atomic mass:
ion charge:
number of protons:
name of element: Magnesium
symbol: Mg
atomic number: 12
average atomic mass: 24
ion charge: 2+
number of protons: 12
name of element:
symbol:
atomic number:
average atomic mass:
ion charge:
number of protons:
name of element: Potassium
symbol: K
atomic number: 19
average atomic mass: 39
ion charge: +
number of protons: 19
name of element:
symbol:
atomic number:
average atomic mass:
ion charge:
number of protons:
name of element:
symbol:
atomic number:
average atomic mass:
ion charge:
number of protons:
name of element:
symbol:
atomic number:
average atomic mass:
ion charge:
number of protons:
name of element: Titanium
symbol: Ti
atomic number: 22
average atomic mass: 48
ion charge: 4+ and 3+
number of protons: 22
Name the families of elements – use the colour map
What is a chemical family?
Elements in a group or a vertical column have similar properties and so they are called a chemical family
What are properties of alkali metals?
In the far left column
Metallic elements that are strongly reactive, soft, and have low densities.
Examples: Potassium, Sodium
What are properties of alkaline earth metals?
Are in the second column from the left
metallic elements, that are reactive, fairly soft, and have fairly low densities.
Examples: Calcium and Magnesium
What are properties of halogens?
Second to the right column
non-metallic elements that are strongly reactive and are gases at room tempertature (except for bromine, which is a liquid)
What are properties of noble gases?
Far right column
non-metallic elements that are very unreactive and are colourless, odourless gases at room temperature
What is the periodic table?
The periodic table places each element on a chart based on it chemical and physical properties.
What can you see on the periodic table? What information is there for each element?
- name of the element
- chemical symbol of the element
- atomic number of the element
- average atomic mass of the element
- the ion charge (or charges) of the element
What is the atomic number of the element?
the number of protons in the nucleus of each one if its atoms
What is the average atomic mass of the element?
the weighted average of the masses of the atoms of the element
What is the ion charge of the element?
the electric charge of its atoms when they gain or lose electrons. If the atoms can gain or lose elctrons in more than one way, the will have a multiple ion charge