Chemistry Flashcards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Mass
Is the amount of matter in a object.
3 states of matter
Solid, liquid ,gases
Properties of solids
Solids have :
Definite shape
Definite volume
Can’t be compressed
Can’t flow
Properties of liquids
Liquids have :
No definite shape
Definite volume
Can’t be comprossed
Can flow
Gases
Gases have :
No definite shape
No definite volume
Can be compressed
Can flow
Energy
In order for a substance to change state (from solid to a liquid, or liquid to gas) it needs heat energy
As a substance changes state, it uses latent heat. there is no change in temperature , but the state of material changes
Melting point
The melting point is when both the solid and liquid state exist together (changing from solid to liquid ).
The boiling point
The boiling point of a liquid is when evaporation begins to happen throughout the liquid (changing from liquid gas).
Condensation
Condensation is changing of a gas to a liquid.
States of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Diffusion
Is the movement of particles from a high concentration to an area of low concentration e.g spray perfume in one corner of the room and then in a while it will travel into the other
Mixture
A mixture consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined e.g
sand and water.
There are 4 methods of separating mixtures
1. Filtration
2.Evaporation
3.Distillation
4.Chromatography
Four states of matter. Plasma us the fourth state of matter like Gad but can conduct electricity
Filtration
Used to separate small insoluble solids( do not dissolve in a liquid) from a liquid by using filter paper and a funnel to trap the solids.
Pg177
Evaporation
Used to separate soluble solids ( dissolves in liquids) from a solution by evaporating off the liquid to leave solids. e.g salt water
physical change
no change in particals . just the particle arrangement and energy. easy to reverse e.g mixing salt and water
chemical change
a chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed. very difficult to reverse e.g burning a match
durning a chemical reaction
the atoms rearrange to form a new substance. might be seen by colour change, temperature change, light being emitted or bubbles.
matter can be changed from one form to another, during a physical and chemical changes there is no overall change in mass
distillation
is used to separate two liquids with different boiling points such as alcohol (boils at 78 degrees) ans water (boils at 100 degrees).also used to separate a soluble solid to liquid( e.g sea water ) to give our sample of each.
chromatography
used to separate a mixture of dissolved substances in a solution.e.g. the different colours in a black marker.
residue
the soil left in filter paper after filtration
filtrate
the clean water that comes after filtration
solvent
a liquid that a solid has dissolved into
solute
the solid that is left behind after evaporation
distillation
method of separation used to separate a soluble solid and its solvent, or two miscible liquids with different boiling points
miscible
liquids that mis together e.g alcohol and water 💧
liebig condenser
piece of equipment used in distillation in which cools water flows to condense steam to water
Products
the substances formed after a
chemical reaction
Reactant:
chemicals that react together in a
chemical reaction
- chromatogram
- chromatography paper with
separated ink
