Chemistry Flashcards
What state is a substance if it’s particles are NOT touching and are always moving?
Gas
What state is a particle in if it can touch each other but can move past each other?
Liquid
What particle state is much more spread out?
Gas
What particle state can match the shape of a container?
Liquid
Do crystalline solids have a regular repeating pattern or a disrupted arrangement?
Repeating pattern
What is an amorphous solid?
A disrupted arrangement that particles are associated and hold their shape
What is a crystalline solid?
A regular, ordered, repeating pattern that forms a solid lattice
True or False: Gas particles touch
False
What particle state is arranged in a regular pattern of lines and rows?
Solid State
What particle state are arranged randomly?
Liquid State
True or False: Solid particles vibrate on the spot
True
What is condensation?
A change of state from a gas to a liquid
How does condensation happen?
When you cool down a gas and reduce the energy of it’s particles
What is boiling?
A change from liquid to gas
How does boiling happen?
When liquid particles are heated, making them move faster and faster
What is the end result of boiling?
Particles move quickly without touching turning to gas
What is freezing?
When a liquid turns into a solid
How does freezing happen?
Cooling down a liquid until the particles slow down, vibrating close together, making the particle arrangement into a solid
What is melting?
A change from a solid to a liquid
How does melting happen?
When the solid particles get extra energy, making them vibrate faster and faster to break away from it’s fixed position. Making them move freely over each other, turning into a liquid
What is evaporation?
A change from liquid to gas
What is the difference from evaporation and boiling?
Evaporation can happen at any temperature
Why does evaporation happen?
Different particles in a liquid have different amounts of energy
What happens in evaporation, when the particles gain enough energy to break free?
The physical state will become a gas
What physical state changes from a gas to a liquid?
Condensation
What state can change from a liquid to a solid?
Freezing
What are the disadvanteges of the simple sphere model?
- Forces between particles not shown
- Shows particles as spheres
- Shows particles as solids
Can solids be compressed?
Solids cannot be compressed because the particles are already as close it can get
Can liquids be compressed?
Generally not, but if forced enough it can be compressed a tiny bit
Can gases be compressed?
Can be easily compressed
Why can gases be easily compressed?
There are large spaces between the particles
Can gases change shape?
They can change shape and fit their shape to any container or space
Can liquids change shape?
It can flow and change shape to fit any shape of a container
Can solids have a fixed shape?
If you put them in another container they will not change making it a fixed shape
What is the symbol (s) used for?
solids
What is the symbol (I) used for?
pure liquids
What is the symbol (aq) used for?
aqueous solutions (substances dissolved in water)
What is the symbol (g) used for?
Gases
What is vapor pressure?
When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape
What is intermolecular forces?
Broken during vaporization
