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Chemistry-ICE 2022 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemistry is the study of:

A

The composition of substances and their effects on one another.

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2
Q

Matter is defined by anything that:

A

Has mass and weight

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3
Q

Name the number of states in which matter exists:

A
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
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4
Q

The smallest unit of an element that still has all the properties of that element is an:

A

Atom

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5
Q

A substance which chemically cannot be broken down into simpler substances is called:

A

An element

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6
Q

An atomic number is the number of__________found in the nucleus of an atom.

A

Protons

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7
Q

Name the three baic parts of an atom.

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

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8
Q

Electrons spin very fast around the nucleus of an atom. They can move in any direction, as long as they stay on their

A

Shell

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9
Q

When an atom is electrically neutral, it is because it:

A

Has an even number of electrons and protons.

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10
Q

Atoms organized in a grid is called:

A

The Periodic Table of Elements

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11
Q

Elements are grouped in families. Groups have certain things in common such as:

A

Reactibility

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12
Q

The outer orbit of electrons determines how an atom reacts with other atoms. Terefore, the outer orbit is called:

A

Valence Shell

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13
Q

Atoms seek out other atoms that they can share ______________with in order to complete their outer shell.

A

Electrons

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14
Q

An________________is an atom or grop of atoms that bears an electric charge.

A

Ion

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15
Q

The smallest part of a compound which still has the same proteries of that compund is:

A

A Molecule

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16
Q

The process of converting a solid to a liquid is called:

A

Melting

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17
Q

If an atom is electrically charged, it is called:

A

An Ion.

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18
Q

Which one of the following is an ionic bond?

A

NaCl Sodium Chloride

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19
Q

Besides ionic bonds, what other bonds are used in chemistry?

A

Covalent Bonds

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20
Q

What do the letters pH stand for?

A

Potential of Hydrogen

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21
Q

The pH scale meausres the___________________

A

Strength of an acid or alkali

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22
Q

If the pH of a solutionis between 5 and 7. the solution is a

A

Weak Acid

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23
Q

How many more times acidic is a pH of 3 than a pH of 4.

A

10 times. The pH scale is logarithmic.

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24
Q

If you mix an acid with a pH of 4 with the same amount of an alkali with a pH of ten, what do you get?

A

Salt and Water with a pH of 7

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25
Q

Oxidation causes iron to

A

rust

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26
Q

Organic Chemistry is the study of all substances containing

A

Carbon

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27
Q

Crude Oil and Mineral Oil consist mostly of __________________.

A

Hydrocarbons

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28
Q

All things that are currently alive or were once alive contain:

A

Carbon

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29
Q

Glycerin is an alcohol that is also called

A

Glycerol

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30
Q

If you heat and mix an alcohol and an organic acid together, the result is:

A

An Ester

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31
Q

Carbohydrates contain:

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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32
Q

One of the simplest carbohydrates is:

A

Glucose

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33
Q

Common table sugar is chemically referred to as:

A

Disaccharide/Sucrose

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34
Q

If a carbohydreate chain contains between 3 and 10 carbons, it is called:

A

Oligosaccharide

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35
Q

Starches are___________________

A

Polysaccharides

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36
Q

Hyaluronic acid is a______________________.

A

Polysaccharide

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37
Q

Fats, lipids and oils are made of two kinds of molecules:

A

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

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38
Q

Mineral oil, paraffin oil and crude oil are all hydrocarbons. Oils that contain no hydrocarbons are:

A

Vegetable Oils

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39
Q

Phospholipids are________________________.

A
  1. Solule in water and oil.
  2. Present in human cdell membranes.
    3 Fats with a phosphate group
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40
Q

A substance that attracts water is called_________________.

A

Hydrophillic

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41
Q

Amino Acids are________________

A

Building blocks of protein.

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42
Q

An oligopeptide contains______________________.

A

Between 2 and 10 Amino Acids.

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43
Q

TRUE OF FALSE

Enzyme activity can be stopped by activators.

A

False

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44
Q

TRUE OF FALSE

Enzymes are able to break down other substances.

A

TRUE

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45
Q

TRUE OF FALSE

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that is able to produce a chemical reaction and change, without changing itself.

A

TRUE

46
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Enzymes can only work in very acidic envrionment.

A

FALSE

47
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Enzymes can only work in very acidic environment.

A

FALSE

48
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Enzymes work like locks and keys.

A

TRUE

49
Q

TRUE OF FALSE

An AHA (alpha hydroxy acid) attacks and breaks down the keratin of the dead cells to give an exfoliation reaction.

A

FALSE

50
Q

If liquids are incapable of being blended or mixed into stable solutions, they are___________

A

Immiscible

51
Q

Name the universal solvent.

A

Water

52
Q

Oxygen and hydrogen combining to form water is an example of:

A

Chemical Reaction

53
Q

A_____________________is undissolved particles visible to the naked eye, dispresed in a solution.

A

Suspension.

54
Q

Aggressive, unstable, oxygen-containing molecules are known as:

A

Free Radicals

55
Q

Distillation is_______________

A

Purification, evaporation, condensation and separation of substances.

56
Q

Matter is described as________________________.

A

anything that occupies space.

57
Q

The number of states in which matter can exist.

A

3-Solid, Liquid, Gas

58
Q

The atomic number is the number of ____________found in the nucleus.

A

protons

59
Q

An atom is electrically neutral because__________________________.

A

it has an even number of electrons and protons.

60
Q

The smallest unit of an element that has all the properties of the element is an________________.

A

atom.

61
Q

The three basic parts of an atom.

A

Protons
Neutron
Electrons

62
Q

Electrons move very fast in orbit. They can move in any direction as long as they stay on their _________.

A

shell

63
Q

Atoms are organized on a grid called___________________.

A

Periodic Table of Elements

64
Q

Elements are grouped in families, with things they have in common, such as _____________.

A

Reactibility

65
Q

The two branches of Chemistry;

A

Organic and Inorganic.

66
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The lower the pH number, the stronger the acid.

A

TRUE

67
Q

Name the simplest carb or sugar.

A

Glucose

68
Q

Starches are referred to as_____________________.

A

polysaccharides

69
Q

Glycerin, an alcohol, is also referred to as_____________________.

A

glycerol.

70
Q

Hyaluronic acid is

A

a polysaccharide

71
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Unsaturated fats are liquid

A

TRUE

72
Q

A substance that attracts water is said to be___________________

A

hydrophillic.

73
Q

Vegetable oils, olive, canola, soybean, etc are considered to be hydrocarbons.

A

False

74
Q

Amino Acids_________.

A

are the building blocks of protein.

75
Q

Oxygen and hydrogen combine to form water is an example of

A

a chemical change.

76
Q

Describe a solution in suspension

A

A solution in which you can see particles with the naked eye.

77
Q

Distillation is____________________

A
  1. separation of one substance from another
  2. a method of purifying liquids
  3. evaporation and condensation of substances.
78
Q

The alteration of properties of matter without the formation of a new substance is called a________________.

A

physical change.

79
Q

There are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?

A

98

80
Q

An example of an elemental molecule is ___________.

A

the oxygen in the air.

81
Q

As the basic unit of matter, _______________ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

A

Atoms

82
Q

Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?

A

Chemical

83
Q

An example of a physical change is _____________ .

A

ice melting.

84
Q

An example of a chemical change is ________________ .

A

The oxidation of hair color products

85
Q

An example of a chemical change is ________________ .

A

The oxidation of hair color products

86
Q

__________________________ , also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.

A

Bases

87
Q

A _____________________ is a stable, uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.

A

Solution

88
Q

Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?

A

Surfactant

89
Q

An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is ___________.

A

Cold Cream

90
Q

The tail of a surfactant molecule is _________________, or oil-loving.

A

Lipophilic

91
Q

Nail polish, with glitter that can separate from the polish, is an example of a(n)_____________ .

A

Suspension.

92
Q

Water-in-oil emulsions feels _____________ than oil-in-water emulsions.

A

greasier

93
Q

______________________are examples of emulsions used in beauty services.

A

Shampoos and Conditioners

94
Q

___________________is the ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft.

A

Ammonia

95
Q

Volatile organic compounds contain ________________ and evaporate very easily.

A

Carbon

96
Q

______________ is the chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.

A

Oxidation.

97
Q

The pH scale is ____________ .

A

logarithmic

98
Q

A(n) _____________charged ion is called an anion.

A

negatively

99
Q

The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline ___________________ solutions.

A

water-based

100
Q

What does a pH below 7 indicate?

A

an acidic solution

101
Q

Nonaqueous solutions, such as alcohol or oil, do not have ________________ .

A

pH

102
Q

What is the average pH for hair and skin?

A

5

103
Q

Acidic solutions tend to ____________________ the hair.

A

harden

104
Q

__________________ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.

A

Reduction

105
Q

Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) reaction.

A

redox

106
Q

What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur?

A

endothermic

107
Q

What type of chemical reaction balances pH and results in the production of water and a salt?

A

acid-alkali neutralization

108
Q

The SDS contains ___________________ categories of information.

A

16

109
Q

On a Safety Data Sheet, what category would include routes of exposure, related symptoms, and acute and chronic effects?

A

toxicology information

110
Q

As part of the SDS categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects as well as_______________ .

A

required treatment.

111
Q

On Safety Data Sheets, emergency procedures, protective equipment, and proper methods of containment and cleanup are listed as_________________ .

A

accidental release measures

112
Q

As part of the SDS categories, handling and storage lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including _______________ .

A

incompatibilities

Chemistry-ICE 2022 (1 decks)

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