Chemistry Flashcards
1
Q
Chemistry is the study of:
A
The composition of substances and their effects on one another.
2
Q
Matter is defined by anything that:
A
Has mass and weight
3
Q
Name the number of states in which matter exists:
A
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
4
Q
The smallest unit of an element that still has all the properties of that element is an:
A
Atom
5
Q
A substance which chemically cannot be broken down into simpler substances is called:
A
An element
6
Q
An atomic number is the number of__________found in the nucleus of an atom.
A
Protons
7
Q
Name the three baic parts of an atom.
A
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
8
Q
Electrons spin very fast around the nucleus of an atom. They can move in any direction, as long as they stay on their
A
Shell
9
Q
When an atom is electrically neutral, it is because it:
A
Has an even number of electrons and protons.
10
Q
Atoms organized in a grid is called:
A
The Periodic Table of Elements
11
Q
Elements are grouped in families. Groups have certain things in common such as:
A
Reactibility
12
Q
The outer orbit of electrons determines how an atom reacts with other atoms. Terefore, the outer orbit is called:
A
Valence Shell
13
Q
Atoms seek out other atoms that they can share ______________with in order to complete their outer shell.
A
Electrons
14
Q
An________________is an atom or grop of atoms that bears an electric charge.
A
Ion
15
Q
The smallest part of a compound which still has the same proteries of that compund is:
A
A Molecule
16
Q
The process of converting a solid to a liquid is called:
A
Melting
17
Q
If an atom is electrically charged, it is called:
A
An Ion.
18
Q
Which one of the following is an ionic bond?
A
NaCl Sodium Chloride
19
Q
Besides ionic bonds, what other bonds are used in chemistry?
A
Covalent Bonds
20
Q
What do the letters pH stand for?
A
Potential of Hydrogen
21
Q
The pH scale meausres the___________________
A
Strength of an acid or alkali
22
Q
If the pH of a solutionis between 5 and 7. the solution is a
A
Weak Acid
23
Q
How many more times acidic is a pH of 3 than a pH of 4.
A
10 times. The pH scale is logarithmic.
24
Q
If you mix an acid with a pH of 4 with the same amount of an alkali with a pH of ten, what do you get?
A
Salt and Water with a pH of 7
25
Oxidation causes iron to
rust
26
Organic Chemistry is the study of all substances containing
Carbon
27
Crude Oil and Mineral Oil consist mostly of __________________.
Hydrocarbons
28
All things that are currently alive or were once alive contain:
Carbon
29
Glycerin is an alcohol that is also called
Glycerol
30
If you heat and mix an alcohol and an organic acid together, the result is:
An Ester
31
Carbohydrates contain:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
32
One of the simplest carbohydrates is:
Glucose
33
Common table sugar is chemically referred to as:
Disaccharide/Sucrose
34
If a carbohydreate chain contains between 3 and 10 carbons, it is called:
Oligosaccharide
35
Starches are___________________
Polysaccharides
36
Hyaluronic acid is a______________________.
Polysaccharide
37
Fats, lipids and oils are made of two kinds of molecules:
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
38
Mineral oil, paraffin oil and crude oil are all hydrocarbons. Oils that contain no hydrocarbons are:
Vegetable Oils
39
Phospholipids are________________________.
1. Solule in water and oil.
2. Present in human cdell membranes.
3 Fats with a phosphate group
40
A substance that attracts water is called_________________.
Hydrophillic
41
Amino Acids are________________
Building blocks of protein.
42
An oligopeptide contains______________________.
Between 2 and 10 Amino Acids.
43
TRUE OF FALSE
Enzyme activity can be stopped by activators.
False
44
TRUE OF FALSE
Enzymes are able to break down other substances.
TRUE
45
TRUE OF FALSE
| An enzyme is a biological catalyst that is able to produce a chemical reaction and change, without changing itself.
TRUE
46
TRUE OR FALSE
Enzymes can only work in very acidic envrionment.
FALSE
47
TRUE OR FALSE
Enzymes can only work in very acidic environment.
FALSE
48
TRUE OR FALSE
Enzymes work like locks and keys.
TRUE
49
TRUE OF FALSE
An AHA (alpha hydroxy acid) attacks and breaks down the keratin of the dead cells to give an exfoliation reaction.
FALSE
50
If liquids are incapable of being blended or mixed into stable solutions, they are___________
Immiscible
51
Name the universal solvent.
Water
52
Oxygen and hydrogen combining to form water is an example of:
Chemical Reaction
53
A_____________________is undissolved particles visible to the naked eye, dispresed in a solution.
Suspension.
54
Aggressive, unstable, oxygen-containing molecules are known as:
Free Radicals
55
Distillation is_______________
Purification, evaporation, condensation and separation of substances.
56
Matter is described as________________________.
anything that occupies space.
57
The number of states in which matter can exist.
3-Solid, Liquid, Gas
58
The atomic number is the number of ____________found in the nucleus.
protons
59
An atom is electrically neutral because__________________________.
it has an even number of electrons and protons.
60
The smallest unit of an element that has all the properties of the element is an________________.
atom.
61
The three basic parts of an atom.
Protons
Neutron
Electrons
62
Electrons move very fast in orbit. They can move in any direction as long as they stay on their _________.
shell
63
Atoms are organized on a grid called___________________.
Periodic Table of Elements
64
Elements are grouped in families, with things they have in common, such as _____________.
Reactibility
65
The two branches of Chemistry;
Organic and Inorganic.
66
TRUE OR FALSE
The lower the pH number, the stronger the acid.
TRUE
67
Name the simplest carb or sugar.
Glucose
68
Starches are referred to as_____________________.
polysaccharides
69
Glycerin, an alcohol, is also referred to as_____________________.
glycerol.
70
Hyaluronic acid is
a polysaccharide
71
TRUE OR FALSE
Unsaturated fats are liquid
TRUE
72
A substance that attracts water is said to be___________________
hydrophillic.
73
Vegetable oils, olive, canola, soybean, etc are considered to be hydrocarbons.
False
74
Amino Acids_________.
are the building blocks of protein.
75
Oxygen and hydrogen combine to form water is an example of
a chemical change.
76
Describe a solution in suspension
A solution in which you can see particles with the naked eye.
77
Distillation is____________________
1. separation of one substance from another
2. a method of purifying liquids
3. evaporation and condensation of substances.
78
The alteration of properties of matter without the formation of a new substance is called a________________.
physical change.
79
There are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?
98
80
An example of an elemental molecule is ___________.
the oxygen in the air.
81
As the basic unit of matter, _______________ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
Atoms
82
Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?
Chemical
83
An example of a physical change is _____________ .
ice melting.
84
An example of a chemical change is ________________ .
The oxidation of hair color products
85
An example of a chemical change is ________________ .
The oxidation of hair color products
86
__________________________ , also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.
Bases
87
A _____________________ is a stable, uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.
Solution
88
Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?
Surfactant
89
An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is ___________.
Cold Cream
90
The tail of a surfactant molecule is _________________, or oil-loving.
Lipophilic
91
Nail polish, with glitter that can separate from the polish, is an example of a(n)_____________ .
Suspension.
92
Water-in-oil emulsions feels _____________ than oil-in-water emulsions.
greasier
93
______________________are examples of emulsions used in beauty services.
Shampoos and Conditioners
94
___________________is the ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft.
Ammonia
95
Volatile organic compounds contain ________________ and evaporate very easily.
Carbon
96
______________ is the chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.
Oxidation.
97
The pH scale is ____________ .
logarithmic
98
A(n) _____________charged ion is called an anion.
negatively
99
The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline ___________________ solutions.
water-based
100
What does a pH below 7 indicate?
an acidic solution
101
Nonaqueous solutions, such as alcohol or oil, do not have ________________ .
pH
102
What is the average pH for hair and skin?
5
103
Acidic solutions tend to ____________________ the hair.
harden
104
__________________ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.
Reduction
105
Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) reaction.
redox
106
What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur?
endothermic
107
What type of chemical reaction balances pH and results in the production of water and a salt?
acid-alkali neutralization
108
The SDS contains ___________________ categories of information.
16
109
On a Safety Data Sheet, what category would include routes of exposure, related symptoms, and acute and chronic effects?
toxicology information
110
As part of the SDS categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects as well as_______________ .
required treatment.
111
On Safety Data Sheets, emergency procedures, protective equipment, and proper methods of containment and cleanup are listed as_________________ .
accidental release measures
112
As part of the SDS categories, handling and storage lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including _______________ .
incompatibilities
