chemistry

Question 1

paticle theory of matter

Answer 1

matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space (has a volume).
matter is basically everything we can see and touch.
all solids, liquids and gasses.all matter is made up of different kinds of particles.
-different substances are made of different types of partciles
-particles are in constant motions.
-particles move faster when heated and slower when cooled.
-particles attract each other.
-particles cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 2

pure substances

Answer 2

substaces made up of only one type of particles.

• any element from the periodic table.
• any compound like distilled water, carbon dioxide (made up of one element joined together.)

Question 3

mixures

Answer 3

• made up of 2 or more types of particles
• mechanical- you can see the different particles(pizza)
• solution-you cant see the different particles and you can see through it (juice).

Question 4

alloys

Answer 4

special mixtures of metals
bronze- tin and copper
brass-zinc and copper 
14 karat yellow gold-gold,silver copper, zinc
soldor-lead and tin

Question 5

physical property

Answer 5

used to describe a substance( the substance doesn’t change)

• can be quantitive(with numbers or qualitive(without numbers)
• can usually be reversed with no change to the particles.

Question 6

qualitive property

Answer 6

used to descrbe a substance without numbers

• luster-how shiny/dull somwthing is
• optical clarity-ability to allow light to pass through.
• brittleness-breakablity or flexablility
• viscosity-ability of a substance to flow
• hardnessability to scratch
• malleability-ability to be hammered
• ducility- ability to be pulled into water
• electrical conductivity- ability to conduct electricity

Question 7

quantitive property

Answer 7

used to describe a substance with numbers.
freezing, melting and boiling points
-involves changes in state
-can be looked up in tables

Question 8

quantitive density

Answer 8

a measure of how much mass is contained withi a given volume.
units are usually g-mL or g/cm3
g=mass
mL&cm3=volume

Question 9

chemical property

Answer 9

describes how a substance can change intot a new substance(change its particles)

Question 10

examples of chemical properties

Answer 10

flammability(catch fire)
reactive with an acid
ability to corrode-breaking down rust etc.
explosive

Question 11

chemical change

Answer 11

a change in the starting materials and the production of one or more new substances
-it cannot be reveresed easily
evidence if chemical change
-change if colour
-change of odour
-bubble of gas forms
-a new solid is produced
-heat ir light is given off

Question 12

element

Answer 12

the periodic table is a table of elements.
element:a pure substance that cannot be broken down.
they are the building blocks of all substances

Question 13

compounds

Answer 13

not on the periodic table.

compound: a pure substance made up of 2 or more different elements.
- the elements are chemically joined
- only certain elements can combine and they can only combine in certain ratios

Question 14

metals

Answer 14

metal: a lustrous. malleable, ductile element that conducts heta and electricity.
- generally on left and center of periodic table. (blue)

Question 15

non-metals

Answer 15

non-metals: element that does not conduct heat or electrity, is usually gas or dull.
-brittle and shatters,
found in uper right portion of periodic table(red/pink)

Question 16

metalliods

Answer 16

elements that are located along the staircase line (green)

metalliod: a element that has properties of metal & nonmetals.

Question 17

akali metal

Answer 17

element in group 1 of the periodic table.

• shiny, silvery and soft
• highly reactive, so they often combine with other elements and compounds.

Question 18

akali earth metal

Answer 18

element in group2 of periodic table.

• shiny, silver, not as soft as group 1.
• not as reactive as group 1.

Question 19

halogens

Answer 19

element is group 17 of the periodic table.

• can be gasses,liquids or solids.
• very reactive
• can be poisonous

Question 20

noble gasses

Answer 20

element is group 18.

• colourless,tasteless and odourless
• unreactive
• non-toxic (except for radon)

Question 21

chemical family

Answer 21

a column of elements on athe periodic table with similar physical and chemical properties.

• each family has its own name
• columns are numbered left to right.

Question 22

proton

Answer 22

found in the nucleus of a atom

• positively charge
• 2000 times larger then electron

Question 23

nuetron

Answer 23

found in the nuclues of a atom

• has a neutral charge
• 2000 times larger than electrons

Question 24

electron

Answer 24

found orbiting the nucleus of the atom

• negatively chatged
• very small

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

the centre of an atom/cell

Question 26

atomic number

Answer 26

the number of protons in a an atom. it is the number in the top left corner of the texbook periodic table. -each element has its own unique atomic number. symbol is Z

Question 27

mass number

Answer 27

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 28

isotopes

Answer 28

isotopes are atoms that have the same amount of protons but different amount of neutrons.(different masses)

Question 29

atomic mass

Answer 29

atomic mass-the mass listed on the periodic table (a mixture of all isotopes)

Question 30

molecuel

Answer 30

two or more atoms joined together by a covelent bond.

Question 31

chemical formula

Answer 31

tells us the type and number of atoms in a compound. (eg. CaCl2)

Question 32

molecular compounds

Answer 32

a molecule that is made up of two atoms of the same element. Cl2, Br2, F2. O2, N2, H2

Question 33

ionic compounds

Answer 33

formed by a metla and nonmetal. they have ions(charged particles) metals are postitvley charged (cation). because they lose their electrons to havefull orbit. -non-metals are negatively charged(anions) because they gain electrons to have a full orbit.

Question 34

covelant bond

Answer 34

formed when2 or more non metals share electrons. | they do not conduct electricity.

Question 35

anion

Answer 35

non-metals with a negative charge

Question 36

cation

Answer 36

metals have a postive charge

Question 37

ionic bond

Answer 37

when ion are oppositley charged so they stcik together-are attracted.

Question 38

prefixes

Answer 38

``` one=mono twp=di three=tri four=tetra five=pentra six=hexa ```

Question 39

covelant compound

Answer 39

when atoms share their electrons so that each atom has 8 in the outer ring.