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Academic Science SNC 1Da > chemistry > Flashcards

chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

paticle theory of matter

A

matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space (has a volume).
matter is basically everything we can see and touch.
all solids, liquids and gasses.all matter is made up of different kinds of particles.
-different substances are made of different types of partciles
-particles are in constant motions.
-particles move faster when heated and slower when cooled.
-particles attract each other.
-particles cannot be created or destroyed.

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2
Q

pure substances

A

substaces made up of only one type of particles.

  • any element from the periodic table.
  • any compound like distilled water, carbon dioxide (made up of one element joined together.)
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3
Q

mixures

A
  • made up of 2 or more types of particles
  • mechanical- you can see the different particles(pizza)
  • solution-you cant see the different particles and you can see through it (juice).
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4
Q

alloys

A 
special mixtures of metals
bronze- tin and copper
brass-zinc and copper 
14 karat yellow gold-gold,silver copper, zinc
soldor-lead and tin
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5
Q

physical property

A

used to describe a substance( the substance doesn’t change)

  • can be quantitive(with numbers or qualitive(without numbers)
  • can usually be reversed with no change to the particles.
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6
Q

qualitive property

A

used to descrbe a substance without numbers

  • luster-how shiny/dull somwthing is
  • optical clarity-ability to allow light to pass through.
  • brittleness-breakablity or flexablility
  • viscosity-ability of a substance to flow
  • hardnessability to scratch
  • malleability-ability to be hammered
  • ducility- ability to be pulled into water
  • electrical conductivity- ability to conduct electricity
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7
Q

quantitive property

A

used to describe a substance with numbers.
freezing, melting and boiling points
-involves changes in state
-can be looked up in tables

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8
Q

quantitive density

A

a measure of how much mass is contained withi a given volume.
units are usually g-mL or g/cm3
g=mass
mL&cm3=volume

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9
Q

chemical property

A

describes how a substance can change intot a new substance(change its particles)

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10
Q

examples of chemical properties

A

flammability(catch fire)
reactive with an acid
ability to corrode-breaking down rust etc.
explosive

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11
Q

chemical change

A 
a change in the starting materials and the production of one or more new substances
-it cannot be reveresed easily
evidence if chemical change
-change if colour
-change of odour
-bubble of gas forms
-a new solid is produced
-heat ir light is given off
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12
Q

element

A

the periodic table is a table of elements.
element:a pure substance that cannot be broken down.
they are the building blocks of all substances

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13
Q

compounds

A

not on the periodic table.

compound: a pure substance made up of 2 or more different elements.
- the elements are chemically joined
- only certain elements can combine and they can only combine in certain ratios

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14
Q

metals

A

metal: a lustrous. malleable, ductile element that conducts heta and electricity.
- generally on left and center of periodic table. (blue)

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15
Q

non-metals

A

non-metals: element that does not conduct heat or electrity, is usually gas or dull.
-brittle and shatters,
found in uper right portion of periodic table(red/pink)

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16
Q

metalliods

A

elements that are located along the staircase line (green)

metalliod: a element that has properties of metal & nonmetals.

17
Q

akali metal

A

element in group 1 of the periodic table.

  • shiny, silvery and soft
  • highly reactive, so they often combine with other elements and compounds.
18
Q

akali earth metal

A

element in group2 of periodic table.

  • shiny, silver, not as soft as group 1.
  • not as reactive as group 1.
19
Q

halogens

A

element is group 17 of the periodic table.

  • can be gasses,liquids or solids.
  • very reactive
  • can be poisonous
20
Q

noble gasses

A

element is group 18.

  • colourless,tasteless and odourless
  • unreactive
  • non-toxic (except for radon)
21
Q

chemical family

A

a column of elements on athe periodic table with similar physical and chemical properties.

  • each family has its own name
  • columns are numbered left to right.
22
Q

proton

A

found in the nucleus of a atom

  • positively charge
  • 2000 times larger then electron
23
Q

nuetron

A

found in the nuclues of a atom

  • has a neutral charge
  • 2000 times larger than electrons
24
Q

electron

A

found orbiting the nucleus of the atom

  • negatively chatged
  • very small
25
Q

nucleus

A

the centre of an atom/cell

26
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in a an atom.
it is the number in the top left corner of the texbook periodic table.
-each element has its own unique atomic number.
symbol is Z

27
Q

mass number

A

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

28
Q

isotopes

A

isotopes are atoms that have the same amount of protons but different amount of neutrons.(different masses)

29
Q

atomic mass

A

atomic mass-the mass listed on the periodic table (a mixture of all isotopes)

30
Q

molecuel

A

two or more atoms joined together by a covelent bond.

31
Q

chemical formula

A

tells us the type and number of atoms in a compound. (eg. CaCl2)

32
Q

molecular compounds

A

a molecule that is made up of two atoms of the same element. Cl2, Br2, F2. O2, N2, H2

33
Q

ionic compounds

A

formed by a metla and nonmetal.
they have ions(charged particles)
metals are postitvley charged (cation). because they lose their electrons to havefull orbit.
-non-metals are negatively charged(anions) because they gain electrons to have a full orbit.

34
Q

covelant bond

A

formed when2 or more non metals share electrons.

they do not conduct electricity.

35
Q

anion

A

non-metals with a negative charge

36
Q

cation

A

metals have a postive charge

37
Q

ionic bond

A

when ion are oppositley charged so they stcik together-are attracted.

38
Q

prefixes

A 
one=mono
twp=di
three=tri
four=tetra
five=pentra
six=hexa
39
Q

covelant compound

A

when atoms share their electrons so that each atom has 8 in the outer ring.

Academic Science SNC 1Da (3 decks)

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