chemistry Flashcards
What is chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter.
5 points of particle theory:
- All matter is made up of particles
- Particles never stop moving
- There is space between particles
- When heated, particles move faster
- Particles are attracted to each other.
What is mass and how is it measured?
Mass is how many particles there are, and can be measured in grams (g) on a scale.
How do you measure the volume of a regular shape?
Regular shape = LXWXH
How do you measure the volume of an irregular shape?
You use water displacement.
What are the 6 changes of state?
Melting, Freezing, Condensation, Evaporation, Deposition, Sublimation
What is deposition?
Solid to gas
What is sublimation?
Gas to solid
What are quantitative observations?
Quantitative observations are observations in numbers
What are qualitative observations?
Qualitative observations are observations in non-numeric form, using your 5 senses.
What are physical properties?
Describes physical characteristics of a substance
What are chemical properties?
Describes how an object reacts ex. burning, rusting
What does heterogeneous mean?
Heterogeneous means that the mixture is not uniform. Mechanical Mixtures are heterogeneous.
What does homogenous mean?
Homogenous means that the mixture is uniform. Solutions are homogenous.
What are mixtures?
Mixtures have 2 or more types of particles.
What are pure substances?
Pure substances have only one type of particle
What is a physical change?
When matter changes and no new substance is made
What is a chemical change?
A chemical change is when a new substance is made
What are the 5 pieces of evidence of a chemical change?
- A new substance is formed.
- The change is irreversible
- Gas is made
- Heat and light is produced
- Colour change
What is the formula for density?
D = M/V
What is density?
Density is a measure of how closely packed particles are
What are elements?
Pure substances composed of only one type of particle
How many known elements are there, and how many occur naturally?
There are 118 elements, with 92 naturally occurring.
What are the 3 main types of elements?
metals, non-metals, metalloids
How is the periodic table organized?
The vertical column has groups, and the horizontal row has periods.
What are atoms?
Atoms are the smallest pieces of matter. Each element has its own unique atom.
What are atoms made of?
Protons, neutrons and electrons
What are the charges for the 3 sub atomic particles?
Protons are positive, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative.
What does a Bohr Rutherford diagram look like?
Neutrons and protons in the middle, with electrons orbiting around,
What is the atomic number?
The atomic number is how many protons there are, and how many electrons there as well if neutrally charged
What is the mass number?
The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are different forms of the same element, with varying amounts of neutrons.
what is the center of an atomic structure called and what’s in it?
it’s called a nucleus and there are protons and neutrons.
what is the outer part of a atom structure called and what’s in it
it’s called a shell and there are electrons in it
what are the 2 types of mixtures?
the two types of mixtures are mechanical mixtures (heterogenous) and solutions (homogenous).
what are the two types of pure substances?
the two types of pure substances are elements and compounds.
what is a compound?
a compound is a pure substance that is composed of 2 or more elements (2 or more atoms)
What are the unique particles in compounds called?
the unique particles in a compound are called molecules
what are the symbols for compounds called?
the symbols for compounds are called Chemical Formulas
what is matter
matter is anything that has mass and volume
what is the symbol for Hydrogen
H
What is the symbol for Helium
He
What is the symbol for Lithium
Li
what is the symbol for beryllium?
Be
What is the symbol for Boron
B
what is the symbol of Carbon
C
what is the symbol for nitrogen
N
what is the symbol for oxygen
O
What is the symbol for Fluorine?
F
What is the element for Neon
Ne
What is the symbol for Aluminum?
Al
symbol for silicon
Si
symbol for phosphorus
P
symbol for Sulfur
S
Symbol for chlorine
Cl
symbol for argon
Ar
Symbol for Potassium
K
symbol for Calcium
Ca
